1kurs_metodychni vkazivky

Exercise 9. Discuss the following problem: Electricity can be potentially dangerous. Why Electricity Can Be Dangerous to You?

Exercise 10. It is interesting to know! Read Benjamin Franklin’s proverbs and try to explain their meaning.

Well done is better than well said

A lie stands on one leg, the truth on two

God helps those who help themselves

A penny saved is a penny earned

Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise

Then plow deep while sluggard sleep and you shall have corn to sell and keep

Never spare the parson's wine, nor the baker's pudding

Who had deceived thee so oft as thyself

There is no little enemy

It is hard for an empty sack to stand upright

Necessity never made a good bargain

Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, half shut afterwards

If you would know the value of money, try to borrow some

When the well is dry, they know the worth of water

Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears, while the used key is always bright

Drive the business, let not drive thee

Sloth makes all things difficult, industry all easy

Industry needs not wish, and he that lives upon hope will die

There are no gains without pains then help hands for I have no lands

Kill no more pigeons than you can eat

The sleeping fox catches no poultry

Think of the things, whence you came, where are you going, and to whom you must account

Energy and persistence conquer all things

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UNIT VII. EFFECT OF HURRICANE KATRINA ON NEW ORLEANS

Exercise 1. Listen to the text. Strike through the incorrect word in the italicized pairs.

The huge / high and powerful Hurricane Katrina blasted into the southern Gulf Coast states of the USA with its full and mighty farce / force on Monday. The lethal / lethargic storm may have left hundreds dead and has caused catastrophic damage. Large areas of New Orleans are under water. Thousands of homes are without electricity and safe drinking water. President George W. Bush has declined / declared a state / city of emergency. He has promised financial aid to help victims and to get the whole region back on its feet / hands.

The economic cost / cast of the hurricane could be the highest in US history. The human / person cost is also continuing to rise. Many predict the death toll / tale will be higher than the 256 killed by Hurricane Camille in 1969. Rescue services are experiencing difficulties as they try to save lives. They have to negotiate live / dead power cables, toppled trees and dangerous debris / debts. Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco told a news conference: “The devastation is greater than our worst tears / fears. It’s totally overwhelming.”

Exercise 2. Read, translate and remember the following words. Work in pairs: check up your partner’s memorizing of the given words.

Hurricane ['hʌrɪkən], suffer ['sʌfə], devastating ['devəsteɪtɪŋ], gulf [gʌlf], mandatory ['mændət(ə)rɪ], shatter ['ʃætə], hurl [hɜːl], debris ['debriː], levee ['levɪ], breach [briːʧ], flood [flʌd], off-limits ['ɔfˌlɪmɪts], suburban [sə'bɜːb(ə)n], fragility [frə'ʤɪlətɪ], postpone [ˌpəust'pəun].

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Exercise 3. Read the text, and agree or disagree with the following statements.

1.New Orleans suffered from the devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall on August 29, 2005, on the gulf coast near the city.

2.Many residents couldn’t move because of a lack of available transportation.

3.Heavy rains and flooding immediately affected the western areas of the city.

4.On September 15, several of the suburban towns started prohibiting residents to return.

5.On October 5 only 1% of the city remained underwater.

EFFECT OF HURRICANE KATRINA ON NEW ORLEANS

The city suffered from the devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall on August 29, 2005, on the gulf coast near the city. New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin issued a mandatory evacuation of the entire city, the first such order ever issued in New

Orleans. Many residents chose to stay in the city by a lack of available transportation. The eye of the storm passed within 10 to 15 miles of New Orleans, bringing strong winds that downed trees, shattered windows, and

hurled debris around the area. Heavy rains and flooding immediately affected the eastern areas of the city.

The situation worsened when levees along three canals were breached. Early estimates of the cost of physical damage from the storm have exceeded 100 billion USD. Investigations showed that the levee failures which flooded the majority of the city were the result of what was called “the largest civil engineering disaster in the history of the United States.”

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The city government declared the city off-limits to residents while cleanup efforts began and warned that those remaining could be removed by force, for their health and safety. On September 15, several of the suburban towns started allowing residents to return. The mayor announced a ‘phased repopulation’ plan to start bringing residents of the city back in the next two weeks. Concern about the fragility of the city’s flood defenses and transportation caused repopulation efforts to be postponed due to Hurricane Rita.

By October 1, parts of the city accounting for about one-third of the population of New Orleans had been reopened. On October 1 only 5% of the city remained underwater.

Exercise 4. Put the statements (A-F) into the correct order according to what the article says. Write the appropriate letters in the boxes below (1-5). An example (0) has been given for you.

AEarly estimates of the coast of physical damage from the storm exceeded 100 billion USD.

BNew Orleans suffered from Hurricane Katrina.

CNew Orleans’ government declared the city out of bounds.

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DThe Mayor of the city issued the obligatory evacuation of the whole city.

EThe failure of the levees along three canals was called “the largest civil

engineering disaster in the history of the USA”.

F In a month after the disaster only 5% of the city remained underwater.

Exercise 5. Work in groups. Match the hurricane stages with their descriptions. Share your ideas with other groups.

An organized area of low pressure in which sustained winds are 38 mph or less.

A tropical cyclone with sustained winds of at least 74 mph.

A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained wind speeds

Tropical Cyclone

that range from 39 to 73 mph.

A low pressure trough moving generally westward with the trade winds.

A generic term for any organized low pressure that develops over tropical and sometimes sub-tropical waters. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all example of tropical cyclones.

An organized area of thunderstorms that usually forms in the tropics. Typically, they maintain their identity for 24 hours and are accompanied by heavy rains and gusty winds.

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Exercise 6. Put the missing words in the sentences from the box of words.

devastating, available, debris, flooding, damage, remaining, suburban

1. On September 15, several of the … towns started allowing residents to return.

2.Heavy rains and … immediately affected the eastern areas of the city.

3.Early estimates of the cost of physical … from the storm have exceeded 100

billion USD.

4. The city government declared the city off-limits to residents while clean-up efforts began and warned that those … could be removed by force.

5.Many residents chose to stay in the city by a lack of … transportation.

6.The eye of the storm passed within 10 to 15 miles of New Orleans bringing

strong winds that downed trees and hurled … around the area. 7. The city suffered from the … effects of Hurricane Katrina.

Exercise 7. Discuss the following questions.

1.What is a hurricane?

2.How do hurricanes form?

3.What is storm surge?

4.When does hurricane season start?

5.Who names hurricanes?

6.What is the difference between a hurricane and a typhoon?

Exercise 8. Write down Hurricane Safety Tips (before a hurricane, during a hurricane, after a hurricane).

Exercise 9. MOTHER NATURE: In pairs / groups, talk about the power of natural phenomena in the world. Have you experienced any of the following? What would you do in each of these situations?

 Hurricanes / Typhoons

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Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Flooding and landslides

Droughts

Avalanches

Plagues of locusts

Other

Exercise 10. In pairs / groups, create a disaster preparedness plan. Agree on what to do in the event of a huge (the most powerful ever) hurricane approaching your village / town / city.

The day after the hurricane

After you have finished, change partners and tell each other about your ideas. Give each other advice on how to make your plans / ideas better.

Return to your original partner and incorporate the advice you received into making your plans better.

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UNIT VIII. INVENT YOUR WAY TO RICHES

Exercise 1. Listen to the text. State whether the following sentences are true or

false.

1.A new study says Australians are the world’s happiest people.

2.Interviewers carried out 30,000 telephone interviews.

3.Egyptians and Indians were among the top five happiest populations.

4.Hungary was bottom of the happiness list.

5.The survey showed that money can buy happiness.

6.Unemployed people were shown to be very happy.

7.The survey found that the older we become, the happier we are.

8.Cars and clothes do not make us so happy as good health, financial security and a happy marriage.

Exercise 2. You are going to read a newspaper article about inventions. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each part (1-7) of the article. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. There is the extra beginning (0).

AThe wide range of successful inventions.

BThe need for market, commercial and developmental research.

CConsultation is essential before patenting.

DThe way to fame.

EThe complicated road to success.

FProducing a successful invention with ease.

GProfessional inventors and amateurs may succeed.

HCommercial success is difficult but possible.

IPersistence in overcoming traditional ideas may be well rewarded.

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INVENT YOUR WAY TO RICHES

0 D

“All you have to do is to make a better mousetrap and the world will come running to your door,” said the American writer Ralph Waldo Emerson.

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Sadly this isn’t true, as thousands of inventors in the United Kingdom find out every year. Making a financial success out of your initial ideas can be a complicated and time-consuming process. But for some, the rewards make the effort well worthwhile. Dr Ruben Rausing, inventor of the modern cardboard drinks carton, made a fortune from his invention, and the creators of Trivial Pursuit also became multi-millionaires.

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However, when it comes to inventing, a number of difficulties stand in the way. For example, obtaining a “patent” can be complicated – a company must be found to develop and market the product, and of course international sales must be considered as well. The first step, ideally, is to look for a gap in the commercial markets and then invent something to fill that gap.

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The company Inventorlink receives over a thousand ideas every year and helps about 300 inventors to take their ideas further. Their inventions range from small developments in everyday tools to a giant ₤300,000 oil separator for the use in the North Sea to clean water which has become mixed with oil.

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According to Richard Payne, marketing manager of Inventorlink, inventors come in two different types. Half of them are experts who have seen a use for their product, the other half are talented amateurs who have just had an idea.

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For most inventors with a good idea the first thought is to get a patent. This is vital, but Richard Payne says he prefers to talk to inventors before they’ve applied for one. “Patents are expensive, and we like to give the inventor some idea of whether the invention has a chance of being successful before they spend money.”

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What are the characteristics of a successful invention? “It’s original and it’s wanted,” says Richard Payne firmly. “There are three things that inventors all too often overlook. First you have to sit down and ask yourself whether there is a market for it. Secondly, can it be made economically? There has to be a really big profit margin to persuade a manager to take it up. And finally, if you really want to make money, is it a one-time product or can it be developed to keep sales going on for years?”

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In reality the chances of coming up with a total success are very small.

For example, in the games market “Monopoly” was the best-selling board game last year, almost 60 years after it was invented. It’s very difficult for new ideas to be accepted. Yet still ideas make it through all the barriers and end up making millions for their inventors.

Exercise 3. Pretend that your friend does not know the meaning of the following words from the text. Try to explain him/her how you understand them.

Ease, persistence, initial, time-consuming, cardboard, drinks carton, fortune, market, range, vital, profit margin, board game.

Exercise 4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word(s) from the list below: overlooked, amateur, consultation, patent, pursuit

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