ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ
МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
( образован в 1953 году)
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Кафедра иностранных языков
Дистанционное
обучение
Английский язык
(Тексты для чтения)
для студентов
1 курса всех специальностей
заочной формы обучения
www.msta.ru
5017
Москва – 2005
УДК 811.111 Англ.
© Маклакова Е.В.. Английский язык. Тексты для чтения для студентов-заочников 1 курса всех специальностей: - М., МГУТУ, 2005
Данная работа предназначена для студентов 1 курса всех специальностей заочной формы обучения.
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Составитель: |
Маклакова Елена Владимировна ,к.п.н., доцент |
Рецензент: Давыдова Людмила Петровна, к.п.н., профессор
Редактор: Свешникова Н.И.
© Московский государственный университет технологий и управления, 2005
109004, Москва, Земляной вал, 73
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Текст 1
Great britain
Approximately 350 million people speak English as their first language. About the same number use it as a second language. It is a language of aviation, international sport and pop music. 75% of the world's mail is in English, 60% of the world's radio stations broadcast in English and more than half of the world's periodicals are printed in English. It is an official language in 44 countries. In many others it is the language of business, commerce and technology. There are many varieties of English, but Scottish, Australian, Indian and Jamaican speakers of English, will recognize that they all speak the same basic language.
Great Britain is formed of the following parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland and is situated on the British Isles which lie to the west of the continent of Europe. Great Britain is washed on the western coast by the Atlantic Ocean and by the Irish Sea which separates England from Ireland. The English Channel separates England's south coast from France's north coast stretches 350 miles, from the Atlantic Ocean to the North Sea. On a clear day, you can see the white cliffs of Dover from the French coast. For centuries, the Channel was the way to the Continent, a highway crowded with ships.
The English Channel is perhaps the most dangerous sea channel in Europe. Half of all the world's ship collisions take place here. Now, after the construction of the Channel Tunnel under the English Channel, completed in 1994, the crossing of the Channel has become much faster, safer and more comfortable.
ТЕСТЫ
1.Ответьте на вопрос по содержанию текста
How many people speak English language today?
2.Выберите правильный вариант ответа
What’s happened in 1994 on English Channel?
the collision of ships
the construction of new bridge between England and France
the construction of tunnel was completed
Текст 2
CLIMATE IN BRITAIN
Great Britain is an island and its climate is rather mild. The weather, which is greatly influenced by the cool wind that blows from the sea, is cooler in summer and warmer in winter than in most other countries of Northern Europe. There is not a single point in Great Britain which is more than 120 kilometers away from the sea.
The weather in England changes very often. In spring the weather is generally mild but sometimes they have really cool days. In summer it is not so hot as on the continent. In winter they have all sorts of weather. Sometimes it rains and sometimes it snows. In England it is never so cold in winter as on the continent, the rivers and lakes are seldom covered with ice.
But the worst thing about the climate in England is the thick fog which they so often have in autumn and in winter. In London the fog is sometimes so thick that cars run into one another. The fog is one of the worst typical features of London and Londoners cannot imagine their capital without it, as we cannot picture winter in St. Petersburg without snow.
The climate influences British architecture very much. British houses have large windows to let through more light during winter. Sunshine is a welcome visitor for the British people, and it is not usually from the heat of the sun that they seek shelter, but from wind and rain and cold.
The country's landscape is rich and varied. You will find here mountains and lowland, hills and valleys, lakes and rivers within short distances. There are many rivers in Britain: the Thames, the Severn, the Mersey and others but none of them is very long. Many of the rivers are joined by canals, so it is quite possible to travel by water from one end of England to the other.
ТЕСТЫ
1.Ответьте на вопрос по содержанию текста
What is the worst thing in English climate?
2.Выберите правильный вариант ответа
From what the English people seek shelter?
The heat and the sun
The snow and the fog
The rain and the cold
Текст 3
HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRITAIN
There are now 44 universities in the United Kingdom and over 700 technical colleges. All British universities are private, that is no state-controlled institutions. Each has its own governing council, including some local businessmen and politicians as well as a few academics.
British universities can be divided into three main groups: the old universities; the provincial universities of the period 1850-1930, as well as London University; the new universities, founded after the Second World War.
In the group of old universities Oxford (1167) and Cambridge (1209) are the oldest ones. Although they have together less than a tenth of the whole student population (each having about 12,000 students), they have special position. A number of well-known scientists and writers, among them Newton, Darwin and Byron, were educated in Cambridge.
These two universities differ greatly from all others in general organization, methods of instructions, traditions, history, etc. They are based on colleges (law, music, natural science, economics, agriculture, engineering, commerce, education, etc.), each college has about 300 students.
The course of study at a university lasts three or four years. In general Bachelor's degree, the first academic degree, is given to the students who pass their examination at the end of the course: Bachelor of Arts, for history, philosophy, language and literature, etc.. Bachelor of Science or Commerce or Music. In 1971 the Open University was set up for the people who do not have time or the qualifications to study at a conventional university. The students of the Open University need to study about ten hours a week, to write essays, and to prepare for exams. There are weekly Open University lectures broadcast on BBC television and radio. It takes six years to get a degree. One who gets a degree may have a better job, higher pay or post-graduate studies.
ТЕСТЫ
1.Ответьте на вопрос по содержанию текста
How many groups of universities are in Great Britain?
2.Выберите правильный вариант ответа
How the Open University broadcasts?
in Internet
on cable television
on BBC and radio
Текст 4
LONDON'S UNDERGROUND AND PORT
In 1863 30,000 Londoners used a new and strange mode of travel — the first underground railway in the world. The first train covered the distance of almost four miles.
Some engineers said, that the tunnels will fall in because of the weight of the traffic in the streets above and Londoners will be poisoned by the fumes from the engine. But the fantastic railway was completed and opened.
Now there are different trains going in many different directions. There is the Old Tube across the centre with many and frequent stops and there are trains going out to the suburbs and stopping at a very few stations on the way. And there are the non-express trains going a very long way out into the country. The fares are all different and even the carriages are not alike.
Underground’s safety was always one of the main concerns of London Transport. In general trains often follow each other within seconds and the London Tube is the safest form of transport. A programme machine controls routes: it makes any changes automatically with great speed.
The Port and the Docks arc also called the Pool of London. The port is probably the largest in the world, it is 100 kilometers long, from London Bridge to the sea. Ships bring their cargoes daily from the four corners of the world. They come with butter and meat, sugar and fruit, tea and coffee, copper and wood from the far-away North and from the tropics. In the port there are ships, masts, cranes. The smoke hangs dark in the sky.
The Port is full of workers of every nationality and race: you see British sailors, Scandinavians, Africans.
Most Londoners do not know the Pool of London, they do not know the East End that is round the Port and the Docks. They know Paris or New York better than this part of the town. But, the East End people feed them, give them all they need.
ТЕСТЫ
1.Ответьте на вопрос по содержанию текста
When the London Tube was built?
2.Выберите правильный вариант ответа
What is the big concern of the London Tube?
a)the speed of the trains
b) the underground’s safety
c) the new technologies
Текст 5
NEWSPAPERS IN GREAT BRITAIN
The population of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is now over 56,000,000. About 30,000,000 newspapers are sold every day. The British people, therefore, are great readers of newspapers.
Daily papers are published daily from Monday to Saturday. The morning papers are on sale early in the morning. The evening papers, such as the Evening News, the Star, the Evening Standard and others begin to appear during the morning, and new editions appear every two or three hours until the final edition comes out in the evening. They sell well because they print, the latest sports results of the day.
The London newspaper that people know the best outside Great Britain is probably The Times, the leading conservative newspaper. It began in 1785, and has a high reputation for reliable news and serious comment on the news.
The popular newspapers naturally have much larger circulation than the serious ones. The news that appears in the pages of the Daily Mirror and the Daily Sketch, for example, are not always the most important news. On the pages you find the news of sport — football, boxing and racing, with stories of film stars, photographs of actors and actresses, etc.
In addition to London newspapers, there are other papers, published in the provinces as, for example, the Manchester Guardian, the Yorkshire Post (published in Leeds), and the Scotsman (Edinburgh). They sell in the whole country, in competition to the London papers. Provincial newspapers give very full attention to local as well as to national affairs.
A modern newspaper could not be sold at a profit without advertisements. A single copy costs more to produce than the price paid by the reader. A newspaper with a large circulation may cost about £100,000.
ТЕСТЫ
1.Ответьте на вопрос по содержанию текста
What types of newspapers are published in UK?
2.Выберите правильный вариант ответа
The British people are:
a)the great sport fans
b) the great readers
c) the great travelers
Текст 6
SPORTS IN BRITAIN
The English are great lovers of sports and if they are not playing or watching games they like to talk about them.
The game especially associated with England is cricket. Organized amateur cricket is played between club teams. But for the great mass of the British people the eight months of the football season are more important than the four months of cricket. The British people are very fond of football it’s their favorite sport. There are plenty of amateur football (or soccer) clubs, but professional football is big business. Every large town has at least one professional football club. The players don’t necessarily have any personal connections with the town where they play. They are bought and sold between the clubs, and the "transfer fees" can be much more than £ 30,000. The Cup Final, played in May each year in London, is the final event of the season.
Rugby football (or rugger) is played with the egg-shaped ball, which players carry and throw. Rugby is mostly played by amateurs. It is also the game played at the great majority of schools and universities. International matches, involving England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and France, are played in capital cities.
Most secondary schools have playing fields, and boys normally play rugger or soccer in winter and cricket in summer; schoolgirls play tennis and rounders (a sort of baseball) in summer and hockey in winter though hockey now becomes more and more popular also at boys' schools, and there are many men's amateur hockey clubs in England.
Great numbers of people play golf and tennis. There are plenty of tennis clubs in Great Britain. The most famous tennis championship is Wimbledon.
Next to football, the chief spectator sport in English life is horse racing. The horse racing is an aristocratic sport, the Queen often goes to Ascot to watch the competition.
Athletic sports and gymnastics are practiced at schools, but not many towns have running tracks for public use. Rowing occupies a leading place in the sporting life of schools and universities which have suitable water nearby.
ТЕСТЫ
1.Ответьте на вопрос по содержанию текста
Which sport is the most popular in England?
2.Выберите правильный вариант ответа
What kind of ball is used in rugby?
a)round ball
b) tennis ball
c) egg-shaped ball
Текст 7