английский

TASK 1

Use the word given in brackets to form a suitable one.

1. Latest news: A famous Moscow institution _____ (change) address.

2.Twenty years ago people _____ (read) more.

3. Soon, people _____  (work) most of the time at home.

4. Mary _____ (work) a lot lately.

5. I saw a terrible accident while I _____  (walk) on the beach.

6. How long you_____ (study) for the Maths test?

7. I _____ (study) for the maths test since August and I still have a lot to revise.

8. Do you usually watch TV on Mondays? Yes, I _____.

9. Have you got a digital camera? No, I _____ .

10. If Mary continues smoking like that, she _____ probably (have) a lung disease

11. A famous New York institution _____ (change) address last year.

12. Yesterday I _____ (watch) a terrific talk show from 1:00 pm to 2:00 am.

13. Have you ever seen Tom Cruise’s last movie? Yes, I _____ .

14. Did you see Tom Cruise’s last movie last week? No, I _____.

15. In the past, people _____ (go) to the beach more often.

16. Nowadays the beaches _____ (be) polluted.

17. In the future, people _____ (have) more modern houses and flying cars.

18. These days, people _____ (prefer) to stay at home watching TV. 19. I _____ just (finish) this exercise.

20. Tom _____  (cook)dinner when you arrived.

TASK 2

Use the word given in brackets to form a suitable one.

The Plain People

It is still dark when Elizabeth _____ (wake up). She gets out of bed and _____ (shiver) when her _____ (foot) touch the cold, bare floor. The bedroom _____ (heat), and it is so cold that she can see her breath. She quickly _____ (put) on her long dress, black apron, and black shoes.Then she _____ (hurry) downstairs to the kitchen.

The only light in the kitchen comes from the kerosene lamps;Elizabeth’s husband _____ (light) the lamps earlier, before he _____ (go) out to milk the cows. Elizabeth puts a few pieces of wood into the stove and starts the fire. Then she begins to prepare a big breakfast for _____ (she), her husband, and their six children. It is the beginning of a typical day for Elizabeth.

Although Elizabeth’s day will be typical, her life is certainly not typical of life in the United States in the 1990s. Elizabeth _____ (belong) to a religious group _____ (know) as Amish. The Amish often _____ (call) the “Plain People” because they live and dress very simply. Their homes have no carpets on the floors, no pictures on the walls, and no soft, comfortable furniture. The men wear dark pants with white or blue shirts, and the women wear long dresses in dark colors. The women never wear makeup or jewelry.

The Amish have _____ (say): “The old way is the best way.” Although the Amish accept some new ideas – they use new medicines, for example – their way of life _____ (change) much in 300 years. They do not use electricity, so Amish homes have no electric lights, no TVs, and no kitchen appliances like refrigerators. The Amish _____ (own) telephones, either. They ride in buggies _____ (pull) by horses, and they speak German, the language that the first Amish people _____ (speak).

The first Amish people lived in Germany and Switzerland. They were called Amish because their leader was Jacob Amman. The Amish _____ (persecute) in Europe, so around 1700 they came to the New World. They settled in what is now the state of Pennsylvania.

Most of the Amish still live in Pennsylvania, although there _____ (be) large communities in other states, too. All Amish, no matter where they live, have similar beliefs.

The Amish believe that life in the countryside is _____ (good). Almost all Amish live on farms. Amish farmers do not use modern machinery, yet their farms are successful because the Amish work _____ (hard) and take good care of their land and animals. _____ (They) farms are always small. The Amish think it is wrong _____ (have) more land or more money they need to live. A few years ago some Amish farmers _____ (discover) oil on their land. There _____ (be) a lot of oil under the ground, or just a little? The Amish farmers didn’t want to know. They immediately sold their land and moved away, without _____ (tell) anyone about the oil. They didn’t want to be rich.

The Amish, who are Christians, believe they should follow the peaceful example of Jesus. Amish men will not fight in wars or serve in the army. They will not even wear coats with buttons, because military uniforms often have large gold or silver buttons.

The Amish will not buy insurance of any kind. When there was trouble, they help one another. If an Amish farmer _____ (get) sick, relatives and neighbors _____ (milk) his cows, plants his fields, and harvest his crops. If a barn burns down, as many as 200 men _____ (come) and build a new barn in one day.

The Amish _____ (allow) to marry people who are not Amish. That _____ (cause) a peculiar problem. The 500 or so Amish who came to the New World in the 1700s _____ (have) about 40 last names. The 100,000 Amish who live in the Unites States today are the descendants of those people – and have the same 40 last names. In one school in Pennsylvania, 95 _____ (percent) of the students – and their teacher – have the last name “Stolzfus.” The Amish custom of _____ (choose) first names from the Bible adds to the problem. In one small Amish community there are 11 men _____ (name) Daniel Miller!

To avoid confusion, the Amish give nicknames to people who have the same name. Some nicknames have an obvious explanation: “Chicken Dan” sells chickens, for example; “Curly Dan” has curly hair. But what about “Gravy Dan”? How he _____ (get) his name? At dinner one evening this Dan wanted to pour some cream into his coffee. He reached for the pitcher of cream but took the pitcher of gravy by mistake and poured gravy into his coffee. Ever since that evening, his nickname _____ (be) “Gravy Dan.”

People are curious about the lives of Amish like Elizabeth and Gravy Dan. Every year thousands of tourists visit the part of Pennsylvania where most Amish live. They take pictures of the black buggies and the plain white houses. They watch Amish children _____ (walk) to school and Amish men as they work in their fields. Most Amish are not happy about the tourists, but they tolerate them. Perhaps the Amish understand that tourists want to experience, at least for a few days, the quieter, _____ (simple) Amish way of life.

TASK 3

Use the word given in brackets to form a suitable one.

An Unsolved Mystery

In the summer of 1978 an English farmer _____ (name) Lan Stevens _____ (drive) his tractor through a field of wheat when he _____ (discover) something strange. Some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground. The _____ (flatten) wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat. The five circles were in a formation like five dots on dice.

Three years _____ (late) a farmer who lived nearby discovered similar circles in one of his fields. These circles were larger – nearly 15 meters across. That same year, yet another English farmer discovered three circles of flattened wheat on his land – one large between two small circles.

During the _____ (follow) years, farmers in England found the mysterious circles in their fields more and more often. In 1987 they discovered 50 circles; in 1988, 98 circles; and in 1989, 270 circles.

The circles _____ (call) “crop circles” because they appear in fields of grain – usually wheat or corn. The grain in the circles lies flat on the ground but is never broken; it continues to grow _____ (horizon), and farmers can later harvest it. Farmers always discover the crop circles in the morning, so the circles probably form at night. They appear only in the month from May to September. What causes the crop circles?

At first, people suspected that the circles _____ (be) a hoax. They thought that teenagers _____ (make) them as a joke, or the farmers were making them _____ (attract) tourists. (In fact, in 1991, two men said they had made the circles themselves, but many scientists don’t believe them.) To prove that the circles were a hoax, people tried to copy them: they tried to make circles exactly like the _____ (one) the farmers _____ (find). They couldn’t do it. They couldn’t enter a field of grain without _____ (leave) tracks, and they couldn’t flatten the grain without breaking it. The crop circles are apparently not a hoax.

Many people believe the _____ (be) from outer space _____ (make) the circles. Some thing that the beings are trying to communicate with us from far away and that the crop circles are messages from them. Others believe that the beings have actually landed on earth and that the circles are marks _____ (leave) by their spaceships. Several times people reported seeing strange flying objects near fields where crop circles later appeared.

Scientists who have studied the crop circles say they’re not sure what causes them. They _____ (suggest) several theories. For example, some scientists say that “microburst” of wind create the circles. A microburst is a downward rush of cool air – the same downward rush of air that sometimes _____ (cause) an airplane to crash. Other scientists say that forces within the earth _____ (cause) the circles to appear. There is one problem with all the scientific theories. Crop circles often appear in formations, like the five-dot formation that Lan Stevens found. It is hard to believe that any natural force could create those formations. And recently farmers _____ (discover) not only circles, but rectangles, triangles, and other shapes in their fields. Could any natural force create a perfect triangle in a field of grain?

In the summer of 1990 some scientists _____ (spend) three weeks in the part of England where many circles have appeared. They had all the _____ (late) high-tech equipment. This equipment – worth 1.8 million dollars – recorded nothing. But the night, as the scientists _____ (watch) a field, crop circles formed in the field behind them. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.

When Lan Stevens discovered the crop circles on his land in 1978, he said, “It was just like something _____ (land) in the field from the air and gone back up again. I don’t know what to make of these things.”

Crop circles have appeared not only in England, but in the fields in Japan, the United States, the Soviet Union, and New Zealand. Experts from all over the world have studied them. What the experts _____ (say) about the crop circles? They say what Lan Stevens say: they don’t know what to make of these things.

TASK 4

Choose only one statement and comment on it.

I	Some schools have a hostile attitude to their students carrying mobile phones. On the other hand, it is not safe sending kids out without mobiles. Besides, mobiles are considered to be a communication tool. What is your opinion? Which point of view do you agree with?
II	Many people enjoy visiting zoos and seeing the animals. Other people believe that animals should not be taken from their natural surroundings and put into zoos. What do you think about this issue? Do you think that people should defend animal rights?
III	Some people prefer to travel abroad; others say that there is much to be seen in our own country. What is your opinion?

Write 200-250 words. Use the following plan: - make an introduction (state the problem) - express your personal opinion and give reasons for it - give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don't agree with it - draw a conclusion