Том 2

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# >/ A E# #"$&*% " & $& # 8 && . ! M « » " % & ? " & $& # " # # / #A &* / $# 8 " *@ 1 A !#%#- " 8 &* # # A #A &* A 8# " , $8 > A % #" >" > "$& . # " # #""& # & A#- / 8 ?> $> [1]. ' " #" # $# # #"$&*- % " %#" >/ $? % &* " > " " & / 8 =- " *@ 2,5 ' # > / " / & 22 . < $? % & " " & 8 0,9.

D#" 8 $& # / " # " " C A #- " A ? & " , . . " 8 #%8 ## 8$> "$& . "- >8# >8# & @ " : &* 8$, $& 8 " * # 8 "" % A % #. < #8 # &A # 8, 8 > #" * 8$ % A % # &@? / 8 8 8 # $ ! 8 &

; Ph 1Κ2 — " 88 > $& > $#; c — $& 8 " * 8- # & % A % #; m1Κ2 — 8 "" % A % #; dΚ — C& 8 >/ $8

8 #; dt — C& 8 #%8 # 8$> % 8 dΚ . % &* 8# #""& # ? % ? "#" 8> 8 # " A

$& # $ " >8 $8 8 & & ? / " # #- # / #A &* / $# # $ " # # " / 8 [2].

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1.1 . . % ? "#" 8> $& # 8$/ "$& #- # > #A &* > 8# " $ " >8 $8 8 // ' " # . 2009. R 5. D. 54—59.

2.f & & $& # # # >8 #A &* >8 8# " 8: <

$& % @ 8 &* R75129 / .U. & # , .–. < A ?#"" #/, . . M # . // U R20. 2008.

291

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& #""& # # 8# " # " /" ?O # $> #- 8 % 8 > "#" 8 8 # " A $& # # # >8# A & 8# " % & ? >/ " , &@ @=#/ # # >/ A &* " A 8>8 #" # 8 $# # , A & 8$ - A #8 " ?& 8 $& # ? % "*8# &* A A & — #%8 # & 8$> -138, 8$>, " 8> %- > A 8 A #% . # 8# " # " /" ?O $ - & # #""& @ " " $8 =*@ $> #" # , " > C "$ - #8 &* " . "$#8 &* >/ 8 $& # # 8#- " # #" # ?O % &@ " " ## $/ ! ##

# $$"#8 ## E # 8 #!! # &* A # $A # A $ " $" >8# C!!# # 8# # & >8# &* >8# "& # 8#.

"$#8 &* $ ! # ?O " #8 " $8 $ - # "$A "#A & % 8 / "#" 8>. " " "- # "#" 8> $& " #8-? " # E#8" #8 8 ? > ?O . < A !# $/ ! ## ?O $& # $&- " # $/ ! ##. & $& # $8 $ - / ! ##: C!!# # $# K , $" / 8 # T , %$%- > # Κ — #"$&*% @ " #"& > 8 > $#" 8# #8 8 - / ! ##, " " @= / #? & 8 $& #@ #" 8> % #/. # #8 8 & # #" 8 / ! ## $/ - #" # # # " $ 8 #8 *E# . < # #"$&*% ## #"& > 8 #"$&*% " A / # $$"#8 ## — $ 8# #- 8 8 ?" &@ A & # E#? # $#? # #" 8 / ! ##. & $#" $$"#8# @= / ! ## $#8 " $A 88 Mathcad. " $$"#8 ## # " #% &* . " $& / $/ ! ## ?O "# %# " % 8 "#" 8 8- # " A $& # . < #% # " " C!!# # $# - A & , $8 # @= A , # >$& " % # 8# " # #" # % 8 / "#" 8>. < % &* 8 % " = " & " # $& > " >8 $8 C!!# #

# $" > 8 # % 8 / "#" 8>.

292

. . , ".; . . . / , . . ., " . (#$ « % »)

< #8 # 8 A 8 # $% & " = " "- # * % > #""& # $8 # # > $/ " - & >8 #A& 8 ( < ) $ " #@ " !#%# " #8 C "$#8 8.

% ? $= 8 8 &* < $A 88 8 $ -ANSYS, " " = #% # ( ), & A #A& ( ), % A % # (F) #$=# " > ?& " / ( ) ( #". 1). ' %8 " # 8 $%- & @ #%8 * C& # " # # A 8 # " # $8 > #""& 8 / $# ( #"& " #/, 8 # &, &=# " #, # # $8 > #- &* > % % > $" " #/ # .). " ANSYS " = " & " $8 %$" ! /& " " 8# $8 8# #""& 8 / $#, >/ ! 8# " "$# &* % ? / $ $A 88 , " # " # $&*% & 8 ## 8# #8 8 .

D $8 =*@ 8 ?> $> #"- "& # # $8 C- A # " # #" # # < . ""8- # &" # 8 8 100 88 " % %- >8#, # " % % >8# " # 8#. - % &* > " " # "* " >8# !#%# " # C "$#8 . " # % &* $>"#& 10—15 %.

% ? 8 # C& # " A " < , $" & @= " ? / 8- ?# #@ " = " @= / 8 # # [1] # 8 / 8 , $% & # > * &@? @ !#A #@ . # ?>&$? $#8 " #/ / $# - 0,4, $& / % =# >8 C 8 (F ).

/ F ? A % 8 &> "& # , 8 , # >$&-A @ ! #@ (% =# # $ "$& % 8#- " #/ #A &*). " # # $""> # # > -# & A# >. < & E " " # % &* !#%#- " A # 8 8 # " A 8 # .

0 +

1. 0.0., + * .'. # > $& #&* > $# & $"" $>E / " # # #" >. .: A 8#% , 1988. — 120 ".

293

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!

'" = 8 $# 8 ? ? # # $A % % # #? /E 8 " ? &*E 8 " # " # # 8 # A ?& A A "$#8> $#8 = " . D # # 8 8 # * ? " @ $ $& # , "& = A & # # $8 A C& 8 A # A $& , #% @ [1].

•# $#8 # # # A A ? > 8 $# # "$# &* / >" " / $$>. / $$ -" " $ " A # >. & $# # # >? >- " " > #" # $# # , "! 8 , " ?- #8 % * , $# # C!!# # 8 = " # # [2], - > $& @ $8 E # "#" 8 #!! # &* > #/.

& % C& 8 A # > $"" >" " > #" #-$# # " 8 $#8 8> ! 8 A # > 8 & / ( >"- " > " A& " @=# "! 8 >, "" , # >) # &*-#"$&*% * 8 # $ MatLab [3]. # #% % &* 8 # # # / A % $" & #". 1.

'>$" 8> #" # $# # & # # A A $#- " # $#8 @ " " 8> " $"&- &* / 8$" # / # / 8 = " # # ( % " $ -

#/). & "E# # $#8 # % " $#/ $# A % # $& #"$&*% * >"- " > " A& " @=# "! 8 >. < #8 # $"& &* A "$"- ? 8$" ## # / 8 = " # # $% & % # &* $ -

0 +

1.) $? % " > / . . U & # # . .: A 8- #% , 2000.

2.!+F % & .. >. .: E# " # , 1989.

3.+ . . # >/ #% 8$>/ A ?$ // &* > $?& 8> # # # #: D?. . . IV . .-$. !. 8 & > > . ! : ! A % & , 2012.

294

. . 7 , .; . . . * !, . . ., " . ( 7%1$ «<%1 »)

"$&*% # # # A A $8>E& " # " # 8 8 # " # " " ? & &* # >A . " % , - $> , " >" #8 C!!# # 8 $& % A /" # ( < ). & #- " #/ < # # / $# " " & 80 — 90 %. 8# " #/ < $# #"$&*% ## " 8 > 8 # & & ! # # $& #% &- # > 8 # & " #A ? &*E# % #/ (C 80 — 95 %). '-> , " % " 8, >/ 8 & " #? & C & A#- " # #" >8 $ " #@ " A#8# 8 8#, #"$&*% 8>8# 8 &&- ? ? > @= / $8>E& " #.

& $" = " >8 C$8 $# # # 8 # " # & " % A # # A A ? #8 8 1016 1574 88 # &=# / " # 6 25 88 8$ 800, 1000 # 1200 °D # &* /E / > # $# > 8$ & &- E # " /" 8 # & , #% > #%A & ? . " $" & " ? / 12 $&& &* "$& > # , #8 @=# ?= @ ! . ' # # ? " E %- $"$&* > & ? # & 8 A A $ . ""&- # $8 / # # / "#" 8> " = " & @ " $ - A 88 Universal 2D, #"$&*% @= / #"& > 8 > & 8 - # ' .

< # 8 ## $& @ " $#8 &* > $8 > #" # $# # " # ( " $# @= A $# , 8# &* 8 =- " *) & A ?. $#8 &* > % # $8 $# & # & "" # > % #/ [1]. < #8 " $" A 8- ## # ( # 8 # , " # , # 8 E# > # , &=# " # E# >) [2]. < ?# @ " $8 > # 8 #- &> ! #. ""8 # @ " $"> 8 " # A % A- # $ # 8 " # # .

0 +

1.!+F % & .. > & # # A A . .: A# , 1974.

2.!+F % & . . " # # # A A . .: A #% , 1981.

295

.'. * 2 4, ".; . .#. / D , . . ., . ( 7%$, 2. )

# >/ A E# #"$&*% " $# $& , % & # - A# & A# " # $"" , " % > " A 8. < # C 8 = " A #"$&*% @ " # >, A 8>/ 8 && > $8 =- " *. ' C 8 "& A #@ $A " "* ?OŸ8 $8 =Ÿ- A 8 && . > "& ? " ? "$# * A %- A " $& " / $" #. ? #"$& # ## $& " / E # # # " #, " = " & @= / C& 8 A #-% /" # $& " " * #% .

D &*@ $& # C& 8 A # A % /" # $& "- / E # # # " # ! 8 A # @ $" * $ 8 # C& 8 A # A $& , A& ?# > A $# # ! 8 A # #% # "$& # $& " # $ " #@ $ -# # #% . ' % &* 8 # > & % #"#- 8 " * "$& # C& 8 A # A $& " E # %8 # # #% . < # C 8 $& $#8 &* " E # %8 , # ?8 # $& " A # . #". 1 $" & $#8 "$& # 8 A # A $& ( #". 1, ) $& " A # " ## " ! 8 A # >8 #% 8, # "$& # $& " # ( #". 1, ) $ ?8 # # #% @.

' & 8 8 8 # " 8 # $& " # # $% - & $#8#%# * # " #@ # $ * # #" # #.

296

. . ! , .; . . . 5 , . . ., . (#$ « % »)

' " = 8 # # > #A &* > $# $#8 @ & $& # >" " > " & / # "$& , $ $% & 8 #" > #8# " A " " " " @=# $& >8 ? # 8. ' %- #"#8 " # C& # " # " /" 8 # & , #% A >$& #A &*, " = " @ # # > $# " $=#8 ( #C& #- " #/ 8# " #/ #A &*) # $=#8 #A& 8 (" &* /, A !# >/, A !#-E 8 >/). $#8 , A !# >/ #A &* #"$&*% @ & $&- # A > 8 && , " &* / — & $& # 8 A # [1].

< #8 8 $/ " $=#8 #A& 8 & " # # #- A &* $* 8 " *@ 1 A & $& # " ? , #8 @= #A &* #% A !#-# ? @= ! M « ».

' " = 8 ? % / $# ! " % " & ?-" , $> C "$#8 &* > #""& # , " % 8 &* $# $ ELCUT ( #". 1) ( E > % # 8 A # A $& $8 > , $& , " % % #). D #"$&*% # 8 $ ELCUT $& > " " & @=# C A # " A ? & " "- # (8 = " #, > & @=# " #A& , % A % (8 *), # : P#A,% A # # " " ) % #"#8 " # &=# > " # - $ - = A #A& ( ?&. 1). < & > % &* > $> C "$#8- &* # #"$&*% @ " $# " / "#" 8> $& # $# $ "- >8 $8 8.

0 +

1. 1$ . ., ! .1. # > $# & $& # 8 && # "$& . .: && A# , 1968.

297

2 3 . ., ".; . <. ., . . . ( 71$, 2. )

" >8# & A# " #8# $8 8# $"" $"" # - & @ " 8$ # " " * ! 8 ##, $# 8 8$ % A- # % #8 " % " A#8# & A# " #8# $% & 8# # #%8 "$"" # . #% " ? " / A A $"" # , $#- 8 , &@8# # # A "$& $ " #@ " A#8# 8 && 8# — - &* % #/ # & 8 8$8#, $# > %8 # ! 8 # $# $" #8 8 & ##. 8 A , # "*8 " #- &* > $A . F $"& # A > E @= % # & $>- A $"" # $# ? & # # >/ A " .

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{ 8 ? &*E " $& / > - 8 # " E , 8 8 *E &* A % $" # A " # 8 8 A A $ $A " # .

298

A 9 *. . .; . /. . 3 , . . ., . (#$ « % »)

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-8# " E& $* ( •<) $" & " ? / C&- & A# " @ " , / $ "& >/ 8$& " 8 % #8 " % > # % #8 ? "& & > $"" !#%#--#8# " A $= # # # # E# > 8 # & # $ -$& #, $& A ##, $&$A& = # # $& ?8 , % #8 /- " # C& 8 A # > , A# # 8# " # # $& > & #/, #% " ! #, " >& ? % # # . [1]. # " # $% > & $& # " 8 > 8 && $8 8 #8# " / ?- ? # "> * E& / % .

< # $# ## •< " ? @ "& " * $" & >? $8 #" # $# # . '> & 8 8 = " * $# $&- " 8, $=#8 $ , " = / "$& E& # E / , # "$# & # 8, " @ * % #"# % A& ?& # C& E& # " E # ?O 8 E / # E& . < #" C # % #"#8 " /, ?& A @=# $ ? " A >? #"- # $# # " ? #8>8# $8 8#, $" = ? . & $& # / # > "$& # $ , "#& "#88 ## " / ?& " #, ? #8 E * % 8 A 8 # , $# # % 8 #@ " $#">- @=# ""8 # 8 @ % #/. # " # E# * > # %8 . ' " %# " C #8 $& #"$&*% * 8$*@- > "#" 8> #"& A E # , #8 $ $A 88 ANSYS, #"$&*% @=#/ 8 > C& 8 . ' % &* $& > % #- "#8 " # C& # " # #" # > $# % A& ?& # C&-E& # " E # ?O 8 E / # E& . $% & $#% " # % $"" , $@=# $#, # ? " $/ # E #@ % >? $8 #" # $# # # $ - " # A ? # #" # .

0 +

1. . # C& & A# " # $"" # " // « 8$ - # D$# +». 2004.

299

. . , ".; ?. . 8: , .; . . . * : , . . ., . " ". ( 71$, 2. )

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|? . ' "& # $& ?8 # # # " # & " - #% 8# " #8, 8$ # " # #%8 " $ " #@ # $ ?>. < # A ## " " * # # " # " # >- E , " 8 " ## # " ## " #% 8# " #8 #8 8. #8 ? % 8, $# ## $& ?8 $? " "$& # " " / "& # & 8# A # # " # E " . & E # % # $& 8 ""$" " 8 % > " ? " / $& 8 8 # " 8 &* # % ? > > #" &* >/ &A- # 8 # $A 88 , " = # " > ?& — C& # " #/, A# " #/ # $& /. ' " " / $& " % 8 A# " 8 &*, $% & $* $!#&* "- " # #% A# " / $& @ % . < % , C!! # " * A $ " " # # 8 $ 8$>. < & > % &*- > $% & @ E * # > % # " $8 C A C!- ! # > C& 8# " # " & A # # # A % ?- % > " .

300