Vocabulary:

1. cantilever bridge – консольный мост

2. arch bridge – арочный мост

3. girder bridge – балочный мост

4. suspension bridge – подвесной мост

5. mix (v) – смешивать, мешать

6. span (n) – пролет

7. deck (n) – настил

8. abutment (n) – опора, береговой устой

9. require (v) – требовать

10. consist of (v) – состоять из

11. resist (v) – выдерживать, сопротивляться

12. push (n) – напряжение

13. result (v) – следовать, проистекать, иметь результатом

14. spread (v) – распространяться, простираться, покрывать

15. load (v) – нагружать

16. in comparison with – по сравнению с

17. falsework (n) – опалубка, подмостки

18. tower (n) – башня

19. anchorage (n) – жесткое крепление, анкер

20. cable (n) – канат

21. stiffening truss – балка жесткости, ферма жесткости

22. masonry (n) – кирпичная или каменная кладка

23. wire (n) – трос

Questions to the text:

1. How are bridges classified?

2. Are there any bridges of mixed type?

3. What is the earliest and the simplest type of bridge?

4. How long is the span of a cantilever bridge?

5. What does an arched bridge consist of?

6. What do abutments require for?

7. Is a suspension type of bridge a modern development?

8. What type of bridge is the safest structure known to the bridge engineers?

9. Is a suspension type of bridge most economical in comparison with other types?

10. What does a suspension bridge consist of?

11. What are the towers built of?

12. What are the anchorage built of?

13. What are the suspension cables made of?

City water supply

City water supply consists of intake and purification installations, pumping stations, water mains and underground distribution pipe lines and fresh water tanks.

By means of the intake installation 2 water from a lake or a river 1 flows into the water intake well 3 under natural pressure. From the water intake well 3 this water is delivered to purification installations 5 by the pumps of the first raising 4.

In these purification installations this water is subjected to settling and filtration. In some special cases this water is purified chemically.

The purified water flows into the fresh tank 6. Than the purified water is delivered to the water tower 8 by means of pumps of the second raising 7. After that this water is delivered to the city pipe line system 9. From the city pipe line system the purified water flows through the distribution system of pipe lines 12 into the water supply lines of buildings and flats.

The pipe lines 10 leading to the pumps are called the intake pipe lines and the pipe lines 11 after the pumps are called the delivery pipe lines.

Vocabulary:

1. water supply – водоснабжение

2. purification installation – очистная установка

3. pumping station – насосная станция

4. water mains – водопроводная магистраль

5. pipe-line – трубопровод

6. fresh water tank – резервуар чистой воды

7. by means of – посредством, при помощи

8. water intake well – водоприемный колодец

9. pump (n) –насос

10. raising (n) – подъем

11. subject to (v) – подвергаться

12. settling (n) – оседание, осаждение

13. deliver (v) – доставлять, подавлять

Questions to the text:

1. What does city water supply consist of?

2. Where does water from a like or a river flow into?

3. How is this water delivered to purification installations?

4. What is the water in these purification installations subjected to?

5. Does the purified water flow into fresh tank?

6. What is delivered to the water tower by means of pumps of the second raising?

7. When is this water delivered to the city pipe line system?

8. Where does the purified water flow through?

9. Are the pipe line leading to the pumps called the intake pipe lines?

10. What pipe lines are called the delivery pipe lines?