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2.leather - Italian - a pair of - shoes - black - which I can use for work

3.cottage - stone-built - small - old - country

4.cotton - shorts - summer - white - for my holiday

Ex. 4. Translate into English.

1. Хлопчатобумажная рубашка; 2. Маленькая черная металлическая коробка; 3. Уродливое

зеленое платье; 4. Красивые светлые длинные волосы; 5. Интересное старое французское

полотно (картина); 6. Необычные золотые серьги ручной работы; 7. Незабываемое двухдневное путешествие на лодке; 8. Дорогой старый круглый дубовый стул ручной работы.

THE USE OF ADJECTIVES AFTER VERBS

After be/look/feel/seem/smell/taste/sound we use adjectives:

Do you feel tired? The dinner smells good.

Tom sounded angry. Your friend seems nice.

After other verbs we use adverbs (badly/well/carefully) (see "Adverbs"):

Drive carefully. Susan plays tennis well.

John behaved badly last night.

N R (

I

nnic U = r — " —

(= s e e m ) + adjective

Tom looked sad when I saw him.

 

LOOK

(at) + adverb

Tom looked at me sadly.

 

u

(taste, feel, smell)

EXERCISES

Ex. 5. (A, B) Supply adjectives or adverbs in the following sentences.

1.

The child's skin feels

.

 

Everything went

 

.

 

(smooth/smoothly).

2.

You cook

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.

 

 

 

. (good/well)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Your cooking is

 

3.

The water smells

 

 

 

 

.

 

 

The film ended

 

.

(bad/badly)

4.

She looked

 

.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

He answered

 

 

 

 

. (nice/nicely)

Ex. 6. (B) Translate the words in brackets.

1.What beautiful flowers. They (хорошо пахнут) too.

2.Jack read his new story to me. It (звучало интересно). I hope the editor will like it.

3.I can't eat it. It (ужасно на вкус) and too much salt.

240

4.I wasn't very well yesterday but today I (чувствую себя прекрасно).

5.Have you been out in the rain? You (выглядишь промокшим).

6.Ann (казалась расстроенной) yesterday. Do you know what had happened?

Ex. 7. (B) Translate the sentences.

1.Он ЗЛО посмотрел на меня, когда я прервал (interrupt) его.

2.Пожалуйста, закрывай дверь тихо, ребенок спит.

3.Ты можешь быть хоть минутку спокойным? Я так устала. Посиди спокойно (quiet).

4.Том прекрасно себя ведет и хорошо готовит.

5.Мне это не нравится, все это дело выглядит небезопасным (safe).

6.Все волнения были позади. Он прибыл живым и здоровым.

7.Поторопись! Ты такой медлительный.

8.Суп вкусный (прекрасный на вкус).

9.Веди машину осторожно. Кажется, дорога очень скользкая (slippery).

10.Она была печальна; она печально смотрела на меня.

3. THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

COMMON COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS:

We use the comparative when comparing one person or thing with another. We use the superlative when comparing one person or thing with more than one.

ADJECTIVES

 

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

One-syllable and some two-

 

... + -er

... + -est

syllable words ending in

hot

hotter

hottest

-y, - er, - ow, -le

large

larger

largest

 

narrow

narrower

narrowest

 

simple

simpler

simplest

Two or more syllable words

beautiful

more +...

most +...

 

more beautiful

the most beautiful

 

interesting

more interesting

the most interesting

 

 

 

 

Irregular forms

good

better

the best

 

bad

worse

the worst

 

old

older

the oldest

 

 

elder

the eldest

 

far

farther

the farthest

 

 

further

the furthest

 

 

 

 

SPELLING RULES

1. Adjectives like hot (big, fat, sad, wet) double the consonant: hot - hotter - the hottest.

241

2.Adjectives like nice (fine, large, late, safe) add -r, -st: nice - nicer - the nicest.

3.With adjectives like busy we use -i in place of -y:

busy - busier - the busiest.

NOTE:

Some two-syllable adjectives like happy (clever, common, narrow, pleasant, quiet, simple, stupid) have two comparative or superlative forms:

-either with -er/est:

She's cleverer than you. She's the cleverest person I know.

-or with more/the most:

She's more clever than you. She's the most clever person I know.

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OFTEN CONFUSED:

'OLDER/ELDER'

1. Further and farther refer to distance:

• London is five miles further/farther.

Further (Not "farther") can mean "in addition":

There is no further information.

2.We use elder/eldest before a noun only with reference to people in a family:

my elder brother/son, the eldest child, he's the eldest

(but not "He is elder than me.")

We use older/oldest for people and things:

He is older than I am. This book is older.

3.Lesser is formed from less but is not a true comparative. We cannot use than after it. Lesser means "not so great" and we use it in fixed phrases like: the lesser of two evils.

4.Latest/last:

I bought the latest (i.e. most recent) edition of today's paper.

I bought the last (i.e. final) edition of today's paper.

5.The comparative and superlative of little is smaller/smallest:

a small/little boy, a smaller/the smallest boy.

6.English in the near future is Russian в ближайшем будущем.

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. (A) Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

polite, happy, glad, complete, grey, honourable, shy, dry, just, free, recent, merry, uncomfortable, joyful, hot, thin, accurate, narrow, real, sweet, right, wicked, yellow, cosy, merciful, bad, fat, cheap, big, clumsy, stupid, far, miserable, narrow, virtuous, simple, regular, expensive, low, deep, sad, significant, bitter, intimate, lazy, old, serious, tiny, clever, little, considerate, good, much, dark, beautiful, dear, fit.

Ex. 2. (A) Give the comparative and superlative of the following compound adjectives:

well-known, fine-looking, short-sighted, good-natured, wide-spread, kind-hearted, oldfashioned, light-minded, well-read, high-pitched, strong-willed, much-travelled, narrow-minded.

242

Ex. 3. (А, В) Use the adjective in the comparative and superlative degree.

1.His poems are popular, (his novels) His poems are more popular than his novels.

2.My room's cold, (the kitchen)

3.My garden is nice, (school garden)

4.Your hair is dark, (your brother's hair)

Ex. 4. (A, B) Give both comparative or superlative forms where possible.

1.His brother is talented.

(than he) - His brother is more talented than he.

(person I have ever met) - His brother is the most talented person I have ever met.

2.His work was careless. (than mine)

(in the class)

3.Basketball is popular. (than tennis)

(in the USA)

4.This watch is expensive. (than that one)

(in the shop)

5.Tuesday is convenient for me. (than Friday)

(of all week-days)

Ex. 5. (A, B) Choose the right forms in these sentences. In some cases both forms are right.

1.Is the station much (further/farther)?

2.You'll find the explanation (further/farther) on.

3.Your record is (worse/worst) than mine.

4.It's the (less/lesser) of two evils.

5.She always wears the (last/latest) fashion.

6.We have no (further/farther) information.

7.Nick skates (good/well).

8.His (latest/last) words were: "The end."

9.She is the (oldest/eldest) member of our family.

10.My flat is (littler/smaller) than yours.

11.I've got (less/lesser) patience than you.

12.He is much (older/elder) than his wife.

13.This is the (more/most) beautiful picture I've ever seen.

14.His English is (best/better) than mine.

15.She is (better/best) now.

16.It's the (furthest/farthest) point west.

17.It's the (oldest/eldest) building in the city.

18.He's my (older/elder) brother.

19.I'm not hurt in the (least/less)!

20.It is the (more/most) I can do for you.

243

TO COMPARE THINGS WE USE:

as ... as\ in positive sentences and in questions

так(ой) же... как

• I'm sorry I'm late. I got here as fast as I could.

 

• There is plenty of food, so eat as much as you like.

twice as... as

 

three times as ... as

• Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.

в два/три раза больше

 

• Their house is three times as big as ours.

 

• This grade is twice as expensive.

 

• He is twice as old.

half as much/many

в два раза меньше

half the size

в два раза меньше

half my age

в два раза моложе

half the weight

в два раза легче

The room is half the size ...

He is half my age.

My trunk is half the weight of yours.

Not so/as ...as

• He is not so (as) tall as his father.

не такой... как

 

 

намного

 

much

The Dniper is much longer than the Thames.

 

гораздо

 

far

This book is far more interesting than that one.

значительно

 

a great deal

Your room is a great deal better than mine.

 

 

a

lot

 

Could you speak a bit (little) more slowly?

немного

 

bit

 

 

 

a

little

 

 

 

 

 

the most (самый)

 

 

 

 

• This is the most interesting book.

 

 

 

ajnostf крайне,

весьма)

This is a most interesting book.

These are most interesting books.

(большинство, большая часть)

Most young people are fond of sports.

Most of my friends live in Moscow.

the more ... the better

чем... тем

We use the... the (with two comparatives) to say that one thing depends on the other.

What time shall we leave? The sooner the better.

What size box do you want? The bigger the better.

The warmer the weather the better I feel.

the same... as

• Ann gets the same salary as mine.

такой же... как

 

 

• Tom is the same age as George.

than

 

• You are taller than me (I am).

me/him/her/them/us

• They have more money than us (we have).

as

 

• I can run as fast as him (as he can).

 

 

244

EXERCISES

Ex. 6. (A) Translate the quotation.

You are as young as your faith, as old as your doubts,

as young as your self-confidence, as old as your fear, as young as your hope, as old as your despair.

Ex. 7. (A) Make up sentences according to the model, using "as... as" and the words given below.

Model: This book, the other one, interesting. This book is as interesting as the other one. 1. Jane, Ann, charming. 2. He, I, tall. 3. Michael, his brother, strong. 4. Our car, their car, good. 5. This report, your report, interesting. 6. Her new hat, her skirt, becoming. 7. Your job, his, essential. 8. The sitting room, the dinning room, large. 9. The ice-cream, the cake, delicious. 10. His stories, his jokes, funny.

Ex. 8. (A, B) Complete the sentences using "as... as".

Examples: The weather is still unpleasant today but yesterday it was worse. The weather isn't as bad as it was yesterday.

Istill smoke but I used to smoke a lot more. I don't smoke as much as I used to.

1.I still feel quite tired but I felt a lot more tired yesterday. I don't

2.I was a bit nervous before the interview but usually I'm a lot more nervous. I wasn't

3.Volleyball is popular but basketball is more popular in the US. Vollevball isn't

4.My father works much but he used to work much more when he was younger. He doesn't

5.Basil is busy on Sundays. He is busier on week-days. He isn't

Ex. 9. (A) Make up negative sentences according to the model.

Model: My mother, my father, tall. My mother is not so tall as my father.

1. The bus, the train, fast. 2. My flat, her flat, big. 3. His voice, Caruso's, brilliant. 4. The pond, the river, deep. 5. Your typing, hers, fast. 6. This lecture, that lecture, interesting. 7. This hat, that hat, beautiful. 8. His article, her article, long.

Ex. 10. (B) Use a bit/a little/much/a lot/far before comparatives.

Example: You're driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more slowly? (a bit/slowly)

1.

His songs are

 

 

than his operas, (much/famous)

2.

It is

 

 

 

in February

than in March, (a bit/windy)

3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

than I had expected, (far/interesting)

I found the museum

 

 

4.

I am

 

 

todaythan I was

 

yesterday, (a lot/tired)

5.

 

 

 

 

 

 

the other one. (much/comfortable)

I prefer this armchair. It's

 

 

 

6.

This flat is too small for me. I need something

 

. (much/big)

245

Ex. 11. (В) Translate the words in brackets.

1.

This is

 

 

 

 

(самая интересная книга) I have ever read on this subject.

2.

Swimming is

 

 

 

 

 

(крайне популярный) summer sport.

3.

Shakespeare

is

 

 

 

(самый выдающийся) English poet and playwright of all the ages.

4.

Coal is

 

 

(крайне

важный) natural resource.

5.

He is

 

 

 

 

 

(весьма умный) man.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ex. 12. (A, B) Make sentences with "the same as".

Example: (your hair/the same colour/mine) Your hair is the same colour as mine.

1.(this suit/the same size/that one)

2.(I arrived here/the same time/you)

3.(we rented/the same house/your parents)

Ex. 13. (B) Translate the words in brackets.

1.This jacket is too small. I need (больший размер).

2.He's not so keen on his studies. He's (больше интересуется) in sports and music.

3.You'll find your way around the town (легче) if you have a map.

4.You're making too much noise. Can you be (немного потише)?

5.There were a lot of people on the bus. It was (более заполненным) than usual.

6.You're late. I expected you to be here (раньше).

7.You hardly ever write to me. Why don't you write (немного чаще)?

8.The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be (гораздо дороже).

9.It's a pity you live so far away. I wish you lived (поближе).

Ex. 14. (B) Complete these sentences. Use the comparative of the words in brackets (+ than).

Example: My toothache is more painful than it was yesterday, (painful)

1.

You look

 

you were last year. Have you lost weight? (thin)

2.

You won't

believe it but

he is

 

 

 

his sister, (talkative)

3.

 

 

 

 

 

much

 

 

. (cheap)

I usually buy vegetables at the market. It's

4.

The problem is not so complicated. It's

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

you think, (simple)

5.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. (beautiful)

She looks like her mother but I think she is even

 

6.

Health and happiness are

 

 

 

 

 

money, (important)

 

7.

 

 

 

 

 

 

(comfortable)

I prefer this armchair. It is

 

 

.

8.

I like the countryside. It's

 

and

 

 

 

 

 

living in a town, (healthy/peaceful)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ex. 15. (В, C) Use the required form of the adjective in the following sentences.

A

1.The sound grew (faint) and (faint). 2. He's a far (intelligent) person than my brother.

3.She was the (practical) of the family. 4. He thought how much (advanced) and broadminded the (young) generation was. 5.1 wanted to ask you both what you thought of my

(late) film if you saw it. 6. The first edition of the dictionary is (good), the new one is still

(good). 7. He turned out to be (angry) than I had expected. 8. Today I'm no (wise) than yesterday. 9. The (much) we go into the matter, the (complex) it becomes. 10. Jack is the

(clever) of the three brothers. 11. They are (good) people, far (good) than you.

246

12.He felt (bad) yesterday than the day before. 13. The (near) house is three miles away.

14.He was the (last) man to come. 15. The (long) the night, the (short) the day. 16. He is the (tall) of the two. 17. She is (amusing) in a small company. 18. My brother is much (young) than myself.

В

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. The (near) future will see this part of the

desert turned into

a flourishing

oasis.

2. That was his

 

step (clever). 3. They got down to business without (far) delay.

4. This problem

is as

 

 

 

 

 

as the others (serious). 5. He always chooses

 

 

way (easy). 6. It was

the (last)

thing I had expected of him. 7. Are there

 

seats

available (cheap)? 8. Try on both hats and see which is

 

 

 

(becoming)

 

 

 

 

 

. 9. Which is

 

 

mountain in the world (high)? 10. Davy was

 

 

of the

two brothers (talented).

11. What is the (late) news? 12. And the hour

was very

 

 

 

,

 

of the

hours

(solemn). 13. The

 

 

light in the room grew

 

 

 

 

(dim). 14. The (old) brother was

twenty years (old)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

than the (young). 15. This is

 

 

room in the house (sunny). 16. He

was

 

 

. He was

 

 

 

 

than he had ever

been

(restless).

17. This walk towards

them

was

 

 

 

 

act of

Jolyon's life (courageous). 18. You and your sister have

done me a service

 

 

 

than man can do for his fellow-citizens (great). 19. In the (far)

end of the exhibition

hall

we saw a group of young people.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

С

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Was there anything in the world

 

than indecision (bad)? 2. He was only five years

 

 

than I was, which made him

forty-five

(young). 3.

sin towards our fellow creatures

is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them (bad). 4. She received congratulations as if

she were

 

of women (happy). 5. Kate remembered the little general; he was a good

deal

 

 

than

herself (small). 6.1 think we'll resume the conversation when you're a little

 

, Caroline (calm). 7. Things went from bad to

 

(bad). 8. It's

in here

than outside (hot). 9.1 think you're about

girl

in school

(pretty). 10.

All his life

he had

taken pains to be

,

 

 

 

 

than his fellows (strong, brave).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ex. 16. (B) Translate the sentences using the model.

Model: The earlier we leave, the sooner we'll arrive. Чем раньше мы выедем, тем скорее

мы приедем.

1.Чем дольше он ждал, тем больше он терял терпение, (become impatient)

2.Чем больше я его узнаю (get to know), тем больше он мне нравится.

3.Чем больше ты упражняешься в английском, тем быстрее ты выучишь его.

4.Чем дольше ты говоришь по телефону, тем больше ты должен платить.

5.Чем больше товаров вы продаете, тем больше доход, (make profit)

Ex. 17. (В, С) Translate into English.

I

1.Киев - более древний город, чем Москва; это один из древнейших городов России.

2.В XVI веке Испания была самой могущественной державой мира. 3. Волга длиннее Днепра; это самая длинная река Европы. 4. Ватикан - самое маленькое государство

вЕвропе. 5. Советую вам пойти этой дорогой, а) Это самый короткий путь, б) Этот

путь короче. 6. Эта проблема не так серьезна, как вам кажется. 7. Реферат должен

содержать лишь наиболее важные мысли автора. 8. Язык этой статьи попроще.

247

Начните с нее. 9. Купите обои посветлее для вашей комнаты. Она тогда не будет

выглядеть такой мрачной, как сейчас. 10. Нам нужен шкаф поменьше, так как комната небольшая.

II

1. Сегодня не так тепло, как вчера. 2. Мария - наша старшая сестра. 3. Станция была не так далеко, как я думал. 4. На этот раз у вас меньше ошибок, чем было в прошлом

сочинении. 5. Ждите дальнейших инструкций. 6. Этот отель не такой дорогой, как я

предполагал. 7. Это мой лучший друг. 8. Ей столько же лет, сколько и мне. 9. Это

последнее произведение писателя. 10. Дальнейшие подробности будут даны в

следующий раз. 11. А нет ли дороги поближе? 12. Последний поезд прибывает в полночь. 13. Она на пять лет младше меня. 14. Я нашел его в самом дальнем углу

парка. 15. Это самая короткая дорога до моря.

III

1. Я не так молод, как вы, вы в два раза моложе. 2. Чем быстрее мы закончим работу,

тем лучше. 3. Комната почти квадратная, она немного больше в длину, чем в ширину. 4. Это совершенно новый прибор, он может работать в три раза быстрее. 5. Новый аэропорт в три раза больше нашего старого. 6. У нашей бабушки очень высокое

давление (blood pressure), она чувствует себя значительно хуже. 7. Самолет

поднимался все выше и выше. 8. Ветер сегодня вдвое сильнее, чем вчера. 9. Чем реже они будут видеть вас здесь, тем лучше. 10. Чем богаче человек, тем более жадным (greedy) он становится. 11. Она не такой пунктуальный секретарь, как бы мне хотелось.

IV

1. Этот перевод вдвое легче. Вы с ним справитесь. 2. Новый стадион в несколько раз

больше старого. 3. Хотя эта комната и в два раза меньше, она мне больше нравится.

4. Он сильный, он может поднять ящик и в три раза тяжелей. 5. Сегодня вдвое холодней, чем вчера. 6. Все его приятели в два раза моложе его. 7. Пруд немного больше в длину, чем в ширину.

V

1. Чем меньше ты будешь говорить, тем лучше. 2. К сожалению, я не смог прийти так рано, как обещал. 3. Кошка упала с крыши, но чувствует себя нисколько не хуже от

этого. 4. Комната хорошая, но все же не такая хорошая, как бы мне хотелось. 5. Чем

больше человек имеет, тем больше ему хочется. 6. Я не так молод, как вы. 7. Окно

узкое, как дверь. 8. Суп хорошо пахнет, а на вкус он еще лучше. 9. Чем скорее ты

сделаешь это, тем раньше мы закончим. 10. Он становится все слабее и слабее.

VI

1. Эта квартира светлее, чем квартира на первом этаже. 2. Этот вопрос важнее того

вопроса, который мы обсуждали вчера. 3. Он больше занят, чем ты. 4. Этот перевод труднее того, который мы делали вместе. 5. Это самая интересная книга, которую я когда-либо читал. 6. Математика для нас была самым трудным предметом в школе.

7. Это кратчайший путь до театра. 8. Грамматика русского языка сложнее грамматики английского. 9. Это самое красивое здание в нашем городе. 10. Этот фильм не хуже того, который я видел позавчера. 11. Эта комната лучшая в квартире. 12. Его старший сын окончил университет в прошлом году. 13. Ты читал его последнюю статью?

248

14. Он такой же сильный, как и его брат. 15. В прошлом году зима была такая же

холодная, как и в этом. 16. Наша улица не такая широкая, как ваша.

4. TESTS

I

1.Сегодня погода была не такой хорошей, как вчера.

2.Я слышал оба доклада, первый был значительно интереснее второго.

3.Этот перевод труднее того, который мы делали в декабре.

4.Чем больше он старался, тем больше ошибок он делал.

5.Это самая большая квартира в нашем доме, она в два раза больше нашей.

6.Это кратчайший путь до озера.

7.Его старшая дочь работает теперь в нашей компании.

8.Сегодня так же жарко, как вчера.

II

1.Чем интереснее книга, тем быстрее она читается.

2.Вчера было намного холоднее, чем сегодня.

3.Этот фильм не хуже того, который я видел позавчера.

4.Он такой же сильный, как его брат.

5.Пальто ничуть не хуже после стирки.

6.Директор хотел видеть вас для дальнейших объяснений.

7.Новые проспекты в два раза шире старых улиц нашего города.

8.Это лучшая комната в нашей квартире, она гораздо больше и светлее остальных.

III

1.Он больше занят, чем ты.

2.Этот год был для нас самым трудным.

3.Ты читал его последнюю статью?

4.Ты такая же красивая, как ее мать.

5.Мне гораздо легче знать правду.

6.В прошлом году зима была не такая холодная, как в этом.

7.Чем больше мы читаем, тем больше мы знаем о нашем мире.

8.Я уже старый человек, я в два раза старше вас.

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