4 курс / Лучевая диагностика / ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ_КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ_МАГНИТНО_РЕЗОНАНСНОЙ_ТОМОГРАФИИ_ПРИ_РАЗЛИЧНЫХ

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Thus, there were significant differences in the functioning of brain resting state networks between individuals without morphological changes in the pineal gland and with PGC.

By calculating the absolute difference in functional connectivity of all voxels in the matrix, obtained by subtracting the functional metrics of the control group from the functional metrics of the individuals with PGC, were identified areas of significantly reduced connectivity in individuals with PGC.

A generalised linear model was used to perform an intergroup analysis of the functional relationship results. Cluster correction with p<0.05 for cluster and p<0.001 for voxel was performed to exclude the effect of multiple comparisons. The detected changes are clearly demonstrated as an increase in the number of negative functional connections located in the frontal and parietal lobes of both hemispheres (Figure 37).

Figure 37 — Absolute difference in functional connectivity of all voxels in the matrix obtained by subtracting the functional metrics of the control group from the functional metrics of the individuals with PGC

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2. Spielberger questionnaire

The results were calculated using a special "key" as the average value in both groups for each type of aggression assessed, such as aggression as an actual state, aggression as a trait (personality trait), aggression as a temperament trait, aggression as a character trait, external aggression (heteroaggression), internal aggression (autoaggression) and aggression control.

The resulting mean values (Figure 38) in each group were consistent with the normal values, presented in Table 17.

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Figure 38— Results of Spielberger questionnaire data processing, where ACT - aggression as a current state, PA - aggression as a personality trait, TA - aggression as a temperament trait, AC - aggression as a character trait, Hetero - external aggression, Auto - internal aggression, CA - aggression control

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4. Epworth Sleepiness Scale

According to the processed results, in the group of individuals with PGC 9 experienced mild daytime sleepiness, compared to individuals without cysts, of whom there were only 2. None of the subjects were severely sleepiness (Table 19).

However, no significant difference in the degree of sleepiness between the two groups was found in the comparative analysis (p=0.507).

Table 19 — Results of processing the Epworth Sleepiness Questionnaire

5. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

Table 20 shows the results of the questionnaire.

Table 20 — Results of data processing from the Anxiety and Depression

Questionnaire (HADS)

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difference was obtained for the parameter "Worry" (p=0.019). For the other parameters, no differences in the emotional sphere between the two groups of subjects were found.

3.2.3 Neuropsychological examination

A comparison of the groups on the parameter "level of non-verbal intelligence" and "visual retention" revealed that, on passing the intelligence test and Benton's visual retention test, the performance of the clinical group with PGC and the control group without PGC didn’t differ significantly (p>0.05).

Analysing the results of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Scale (ADS), using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, the groups weren’t statistically significantly different for the parameters "Cumulative score", "Attention", "Memory", "Verbal fluency", "Language" and "Visual-spatial orientation" (p>0.05) (Table 21).

Table 21 — Results of the ADS methodology

By processing data of the Digital Proofreading Test, the groups were compared statistically in terms of the number of errors in the upper right, lower right, upper left and lower left margins (Top-R, Down-R, Top-L, Down-L), the time to complete separately

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asymmetry rate calculated as R-L/80, where R - number of errors in the right half, L - number of errors in the left half.

The results of the Stroop test showed a significant difference between the groups in the time to complete the first, second and third test, as well as in the flexibility/rigidity of cognitive control (Table 23).

Individuals with PGC coped with the task faster, which could probably be related to the statistically significant difference in the age of the subjects. Individuals with PGC were younger, as their mean age was 31.5 years compared to 44 years by persons with normal pineal gland structure.

No significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05) were found in the analysis of the verbality index.

Table 23 — Results of the Stroop Test

Note: T1 - time of the first sample in seconds, T2 - time of the second sample in seconds, T3 - time of the third sample in seconds, CI - interference coefficient, CV - verbality coefficient.