1. Law degree programmes in the uk, us, rf.

In the UK, a legal education usually begins with the completion of a bachelor degree in law, known as an LLB (Bachelor of Laws), which usually takes three years. In the subsequent vocational stage, a person who wishes to become a barrister join one of the Inns of Court before beginning the Bar Vocational Course. The completion of this stage is marked by a ceremony referred to as the call to the Bar. A third stage, known as pupilage, is a year-long apprenticeship, usually at a set of barristers' chambers, which customarily consists of groups of 20-60 barristers. Similarly, a person wishing to become a solicitor must also complete three stages: the first stage involves gaining a law degree; the second stage requires passing a one-year Legal Practice Course (LPC); and the final stage entails working for two years as a trainee solicitor with a firm of solicitors or in the legal department of a local authority or large company.

In the USA, a legal education comprises four years of undergraduate study followed by three years of law school. A law-school graduate receives the degree of juris doctor (J.D.). In order to qualify as a lawyer, a law school graduate must pass the bar examination.

In the RF a legal education begins with the completion of a bachelor degree in law, which takes four years nowadays. It is not necessary to have a license to practice law in Russia as a legal consultant, but only the members of the Russian bar associations (advocates) are permitted to appear in court on criminal matters. In Russia, an advocate must obtain an undergraduate degree in law (four years) or academic degree, practice law for two years and then pass the bar examination.

2. Differences between tort law and criminal law.

In a general way, the purposes of tort law and criminal law are similar. Tort law and criminal law are both used to identify wrongdoers. Tort law and criminal law are both used to take corrective action against wrongdoers. Tort law and criminal law are both used to deter others from being wrongdoers. Tort law and criminal law are both used to discourage self-help.

The overall purpose of criminal law is to provide some basic protection to society from clearly ant-social acts. Although crimes may have immediate victims (e.g., the owners of homes burned down by an arsonist), the ultimate victim of crime is society (e.g., the danger to everyone if an arsonist is not stopped). As a result, the focus of criminal law is on the person committing the crime. The focus of criminal law is on deciding if a person is a criminal and, if so, how the person should be punished. There is a sense in which criminal law is for the criminal.

As a general rule, in a criminal case, the financial harm suffered by the victim as a result of a crime is not the issue. Instead, there is an assumption in criminal law that tort law exists to compensate the victim for the victim's financial harm.

Tort law is a kind of civil law, like family law, property law, and contract law. Torts are some general standards of civil conduct. As a practical matter, torts are nothing more than a collection of theories for suing people for money and, if permitted, other remedies. The theme is that victims of torts are entitled to compensation for breach of the particular duties owed to them beyond family law, property law, and contract law. The focus of tort law is what the victim can do about the financial harm the victim has suffered.

Whereas there is an assumption in criminal law that tort law exists to compensate the victim for the victim's financial harm, the opposite is not true. There is no assumption in tort law that criminal law exists. Some wrongful conduct is a tort but not a crime, and vice versa. As general rule, in tort law, the financial harm suffered by the victim as a result of a tort is the only issue.

TORTS: A tort is a wrongful act that injures or interferes with another's person or property. A tort case is a civil court proceeding. The accused is the "defendant" and the victim is a "plaintiff." The charges are brought by the plaintiff. If the defendant loses, the defendant has to pay damages to the plaintiff.

CRIMES: A crime is a wrongful act that the state or federal government has identified as a crime. A criminal case is a criminal proceeding. The accused is also called a 'defendant". The victim is the person who has been hurt or the state of Georgia or other governmental entity. The charges are brought by the government. If the defendant loses, the defendant must serve a sentence. A fine is paid to the government and there is possible restitution to the victim.