Further Reading

Occipital Nerve Stimulator

Kapural L, Mekhail N, Hayek SM, Stanton-Hicks M, Malak O (2005) Occipital nerve electrical stimulation via the midline approach and subcutaneous surgical leads for treatment of severe occipital neuralgia: a pilot study. Anesth Analg 101(1):171–174, table of contents

Slavin KV, Nersesyan H, Wess C (2006) Peripheral neurostimulation for treatment of intractable occipital neuralgia. Neurosurgery 58(1):112–119; discussion 112–119

Tissue Expander

Ortega MT, McCauley RL, Robson MC (1990) Salvage of an avulsed expanded scalp flap to correct burn alopecia. South Med J 83(2):220–223

Sharony Z, Rissin Y, Ullmann Y (2009) Postburn scalp reconstruction using a self-filling osmotic tissue expander. J Burn Care Res 30(4):744–746

Temporal Fossa Implant

Baj A, Spotti S, Marelli S, Beltramini GA, Gianni AB (2009) Use of porous polyethylene for correcting defects of temporal region following transposition of temporalis myofascial flap. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 29(5):265–269

Rapidis AD, Day TA (2006) The use of temporal polyethylene implant after temporalis myofascial flap transposition: clinical and radiographic results from its use in 21 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 64(1):12–22

Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Skin

Grafting

Chun YS, Verma K (2011) Single-stage full-thickness scalp reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix and skin graft. Eplasty 11:e4

Cumberland L, Dana A, Liegeois N (2009) Mohs micrographic surgery for the management of nonmelanoma skin cancers. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 17(3):325–335

Lesesne CB, Rosenthal R (1986) A review of scalp split-­ thickness skin grafts and potential complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 77(5):757–758

Stone JL (1993) Mohs micrographic surgery: a synopsis. Hawaii Med J 52(5):134–139

Vuyk HD, Lohuis PJ (2001) Mohs micrographic surgery for facial skin cancer. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 26(4):265–273

Rotational Galeal Flap Scalp

Reconstruction

Chang KP, Lai CH, Chang CH, Lin CL, Lai CS, Lin SD (2010) Free flap options for reconstruction of complicated scalp and calvarial defects: report of a series of cases and literature review. Microsurgery 30(1):13–18 Guerrissi JO (1999) Reconstruction of large defects in the scalp with fasciocutaneous flaps. Scand J Plast

Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 33(2):217–224

Talmi YP, Liokumovitch P, Wolf M, Horowitz Z, Kopolovitch J, Kronenberg J (1997) Anatomy of the postauricular island “revolving door” flap (“flip-flop” flap). Ann Plast Surg 39(6):603–607

Free Flap Reconstruction of Complex

Scalp Defects

Angelos PC, Downs BW (2009) Options for the management of forehead and scalp defects. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 17(3):379–393

Chang KP, Lai CH, Chang CH, Lin CL, Lai CS, Lin SD (2010) Free flap options for reconstruction of complicated scalp and calvarial defects: report of a series of cases and literature review. Microsurgery 30(1):13–18 Chong J, Chan LL, Langstein HN, Ginsberg LE (2001) MR imaging of the muscular component of myocutaneous flaps in the head and neck. AJNR Am

J Neuroradiol 22(1):170–174

Hierner R, van Loon J, Goffin J, van Calenbergh F (2007) Free latissimus dorsi flap transfer for subtotal scalp and cranium defect reconstruction: report of 7 cases. Microsurgery 27(5):425–428

O’Connell DA, Teng MS, Mendez E, Futran ND (2011) Microvascular free tissue transfer in the reconstruction of scalp and lateral temporal bone defects. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 22(3):801–804

Oh SJ, Lee J, Cha J, Jeon MK, Koh SH, Chung CH (2011) Free-flap reconstruction of the scalp: donor selection and outcome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 22(3):974–977

Seitz IA, Adler N, Odessey E, Reid RR, Gottlieb LJ (2009) Latissimus dorsi/rib intercostal perforator myoosseocutaneous free flap reconstruction in composite defects of the scalp: case series and review of literature. J Reconstr Microsurg 25(9):559–567

Chong J, Chan LL, Langstein HN, Ginsberg LE (2001) MR imaging of the muscular component of myocutaneous flaps in the head and neck. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22(1):170–174

Hudgins PA, Burson JG, Gussack GS, Grist WJ (1994) CT and MR appearance of recurrent malignant head and neck neoplasms after resection and flap reconstruction. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 15(9):1689–1694

Tomura N, Watanabe O, Hirano Y, Kato K, Takahashi S, Watarai J (2002) MR imaging of recurrent head and neck tumours following flap reconstructive surgery. Clin Radiol 57(2):109–113

Box Osteotomy

Breakey W, Abela C, Evans R, Jeelani O, Britto J, Hayward R, Dunaway D (2015) Hypertelorism correction with facial bipartition and box osteotomy: does soft tissue translation correlate with bony movement? J Craniofac Surg 26(1):196–200

Absorbable Hemostatic Agents

Barbolt TA, Odin M, Leger M, Kangas L (2001) Pre-­clinical subdural tissue reaction and absorption study of absorbable hemostatic devices. Neurol Res 23(5):537–542

Ferroli P, Broggi M, Franzini A, Maccagnano E, Lamperti M, Boiardi A, Broggi G (2006) Surgifoam and mitoxantrone in the glioblastoma multiforme postresection cavity: the first step of locoregional chemotherapy through an ad hoc-placed catheter: technical note. Neurosurgery 59(2):433–434; discussion E433–E4334

Learned KO, Mohan S, Hyder IZ, Bagley LJ, Wang S, Lee JY (2014) Imaging features of a gelatin-thrombin matrix hemostatic agent in the intracranial surgical bed: a unique space-occupying pseudomass. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 35(4):686–690.

Oto A, Remer EM, O’Malley CM, Tkach JA, Gill IS (1999) MR characteristics of oxidized cellulose (surgicel). AJR Am J Roentgenol 172(6):1481–1484

Spiller M, Tenner MS, Couldwell WT (2001) Effect of absorbable topical hemostatic agents on the relaxation time of blood: an in vitro study with implications for postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 95(4):687–693

Young ST, Paulson EK, McCann RL, Baker ME (1993) Appearance of oxidized cellulose (surgicel) on postoperative CT scans: similarity to postoperative abscess. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160(2):275–277

Berjano R, Vinas FC, Dujovny M (1999) A review of dural substitutes used in neurosurgery. Crit Rev. Neurosurg 9(4):217–222

Filippi R, Schwarz M,Voth D, Reisch R, Grunert P, Perneczky A (2001) Bovine pericardium for duraplasty: clinical results in 32 patients. Neurosurg Rev 24(2–3):103–107

Narotam PK, Jose S, Nathoo N, Taylon C, Vora Y (2004) Collagen matrix (DuraGen) in dural repair: analysis of a new modified technique. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29(24):2861–2867; discussion 2868–2869

Narotam PK, Reddy K, Fewer D, Qiao F, Nathoo N (2007) Collagen matrix duraplasty for cranial and spinal surgery: a clinical and imaging study. J Neurosurg 106(1):45–51

Zerris VA, James KS, Roberts JB, Bell E, Heilman CB (2007) Repair of the dura mater with processed collagen devices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 83(2):580–588

Burr Holes

Sinclair AG, Scoffings DJ (2010) Imaging of the postoperative cranium. Radiographics 30(2):461–482

Vogel TW, Dlouhy BJ, Howard MA 3rd (2011) Don’t take the plunge: avoiding adverse events with cranial perforators. J Neurosurg 115(3):570–575

Craniotomy

Duke BJ, Mouchantat RA, Ketch LL, Winston KR (1996) Transcranial migration of microfixation plates and screws. Case report. Pediatr Neurosurg 25(1):31–34; discussion 35

Schmidt JH 3rd, Reyes BJ, Fischer R, Flaherty SK (2007) Use of hinge craniotomy for cerebral decompression. Technical note. J Neurosurg 107(3):678–682

Sinclair AG, Scoffings DJ (2010) Imaging of the postoperative cranium. Radiographics 30(2):461–482

Winston KR, Wang MC (2003) Cranial bone fixation: review of the literature and description of a new procedure. J Neurosurg 99(3):484–488

Cranioplasty

Benzel EC, Thammavaram K, Kesterson L (1990) The diagnosis of infections associated with acrylic cranioplasties. Neuroradiology 32(2):151–153

Cabraja M, Klein M, Lehmann TN (2009) Long-term results following titanium cranioplasty of large skull defects. Neurosurg Focus 26(6):E10

Chandler CL, Uttley D, Archer DJ, MacVicar D (1994) Imaging after titanium cranioplasty. Br J Neurosurg 8(4):409–414

Couldwell WT, Chen TC, Weiss MH, Fukushima T, Dougherty W (1994) Cranioplasty with the Medpor porous polyethylene flexblock implant. Technical note. J Neurosurg 81(3):483–486

Dean D, Min KJ, Bond A (2003) Computer aided design of large-format prefabricated cranial plates. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 14(6):819–832

Eufinger H, Wehmöller M, Harders A, Heuser L (1995) Prefabricated prostheses for the reconstruction of skull defects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 24(1 Pt 2):104–110

Malis LI (1989) Titanium mesh and acrylic cranioplasty. Neurosurgery 25(3):351–355

Martin MP, Olson S (2009) Post-operative complications with titanium mesh. J Clin Neurosci 16(8): 1080–1081

Mason TO, Rose BS, Goodman JH (1986) Gas bubbles in polymethylmethacrylate cranioplasty simulating abscesses: CT appearance. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 7(5):829–831

Rogers GF, Greene AK, Mulliken JB, Proctor MR, Ridgway EB (2011) Exchange cranioplasty using autologous calvarial particulate bone graft effectively repairs large cranial defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 127(4):1631–1642

Weissman JL, Snyderman CH, Hirsch BE (1996) Hydroxyapatite cement to repair skull base defects: radiologic appearance. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17(8):1569-1574.

Autocranioplasty

Shoakazemi A, Flannery T, McConnell RS (2009) Long-­ term outcome of subcutaneously preserved autologous cranioplasty. Neurosurgery 65(3):505–510; discussion 510

Sinclair AG, Scoffings DJ (2010) Imaging of the postoperative cranium. Radiographics 30(2):461–482

Craniectomy and the Meningogaleal

Complex

Holland M, Nakaji P (2004) Craniectomy: surgical indications and technique. Oper Tech Neurosurg 7(1):10–15

Lanzieri CF, Som PM, Sacher M, Solodnik P, Moore F (1986) The postcraniectomy site: CT appearance. Radiology 159(1):165–170

Cranial Vault Reconstruction for Craniosynostosis

Boyle CM, Rosenblum JD (1997) Three-dimensional CT for preand postsurgical imaging of patients with craniosynostosis: correlation of operative procedure and radiologic imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 169(4): 1173–1177

Derderian CA, Wink JD, McGrath JL, Collinsworth A, Bartlett SP, Taylor JA (2015) Volumetric changes in cranial vault expansion: comparison of frontoorbital advancement and posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 135(6): 1665–1672.

Eppley BL, Sadove AM (1994) Surgical correction of metopic suture synostosis. Clin Plast Surg 21(4):555–562

Greenberg BM, Schneider SJ (2006) Trigonocephaly: surgical considerations and long term evaluation. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 17(3):528–535

Jimenez DF, Barone CM (2010) Endoscopic techniques for craniosynostosis. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 18(2):93–107

Kirschner RE, Karmacharya J, Ong G, Gordon AD, Hunenko O, Losee JE, Gannon FH, Bartlett SP (2002) Repair of the immature craniofacial skeleton with a calcium phosphate cement: quantitative assessment of craniofacial growth. Ann Plast Surg 49(1):33–38; discussion 38

Losee JE, Karmacharya J, Gannon FH, Slemp AE, Ong G, Hunenko O, Gorden AD, Bartlett SP, Kirschner RE (2003) Reconstruction of the immature craniofacial skeleton with a carbonated calcium phosphate bone cement: interaction with bioresorbable mesh. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 14(1):117–124

Mehta VA, Bettegowda C, Jallo GI, Ahn ES (2010) The evolution of surgical management for craniosynostosis. Neurosurg Focus 29(6):E5

Murad GJ, Clayman M, Seagle MB, White S, Perkins LA, Pincus DW (2005) Endoscopic-assisted repair of craniosynostosis. Neurosurg Focus 19(6):E6

Posnick JC, Lin KY, Chen P, Armstrong D (1993) Sagittal synostosis: quantitative assessment of presenting deformity and surgical results based on CT scans. Plast Reconstr Surg 92(6):1015–1024; discussion 1225–1226 Smartt JM Jr, Karmacharya J, Gannon FH, Ong G, Jackson O, Bartlett SP, Poser RD, Kirschner RE (2005) Repair of the immature and mature craniofacial skeleton with a carbonated calcium phosphate cement: assessment of biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and remodeling capacity. Plast Reconstr Surg

115(6):1642–1650

van der Meulen JJ, Nazir PR, Mathijssen IM, van Adrichem LN, Ongkosuwito E, Stolk-Liefferink SA, Vaandrager MJ (2008) Bitemporal depressions after cranioplasty for trigonocephaly: a long-term evaluation of (supra) orbital growth in 92 patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 19(1):72–79

White N, Evans M, Dover MS, Noons P, Solanki G, Nishikawa H (2009) Posterior calvarial vault expansion using distraction osteogenesis. Childs Nerv Syst 25(2):231–236.

Ylikontiola LP, Sándor GK, Salokorpi N, Serlo WS. (2012) Experience with craniosynostosis treatment using posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2(1):4–7.

Cranial Vault Encephalocele Repair

Bozinov O, Tirakotai W, Sure U, Bertalanffy H (2005) Surgical closure and reconstruction of a large occipital encephalocele without parenchymal excision. Childs Nerv Syst 21(2):144–147

Ginat DT, Reid R, Frim DM (2016) Imaging assessment of re-exploratory repair of an occipital bone defect-­ associated tectocerebellar dysraphism via hybrid cranioplasty. Pediatr Neurosurg 51(3):164–166

Hockley AD, Goldin JH, Wake MJ (1990) Management of anterior encephalocele. Childs Nerv Syst 6(8): 444–446

Mohanty A, Biswas A, Reddy M, Kolluri S (2006) Expansile cranioplasty for massive occipital encephalocele. Childs Nerv Syst 22(9):1170–1176

Satyarthee GD, Mahapatra AK (2002) Craniofacial surgery for giant frontonasal encephalocele in a neonate. J Clin Neurosci 9(5):593–595

Subdural Drainage Catheters

Santarius T, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, Chia HL, Jalloh I, Smielewski P, Richards HK, Marcus H, Parker RA, Price SJ, Kirollos RW, Pickard JD, Hutchinson PJ (2009) Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 374(9695):1067–1073.

Peng D, Zhu Y (2016) External drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (8):CD011402

Intracranial Pressure Monitor

Stefini R, Rasulo FA (2008) Intracranial pressure monitoring. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 42:192–195

Steiner LA, Andrews PJ (2006) Monitoring the injured brain: ICP and CBF. Br J Anaesth 97(1):26–38

Cranial Surgery Complications

Aarabi B, Hesdorffer DC, Ahn ES, Aresco C, Scalea TM, Eisenberg HM (2006) Outcome following decompressive craniectomy for malignant swelling due to severe head injury. J Neurosurg 104:469–479

Aarabi B, Chesler D, Maulucci C, Blacklock T, Alexander M (2009) Dynamics of subdural hygroma following decompressive craniectomy: a comparative study. Neurosurg Focus 26(6):E8

Akins PT, Guppy KH (2008a) Sinking skin flaps, paradoxical herniation, and external brain tamponade: a review of decompressive craniectomy management. Neurocrit Care 9(2):269–276

Akins PT, Guppy KH (2008b) Sinking skin flaps, paradoxical herniation, and external brain tamponade: a review of decompressive craniectomy management. Neurocrit Care 9(2):269–276

Brisman MH, Bederson JB, Sen CN, Germano IM, Moore F, Post KD (1996) Intracerebral hemorrhage occurring remote from the craniotomy site. Neurosurgery 39(6):1114–1121; discussion 1121–1122

Browning CJ, Harland SP, Burnet NG (2000) Gas in the cranium: an unusual case of delayed pneumocephalus following craniotomy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 12(2):118–120

Caroli E, Rocchi G, D’Andrea G, Delfini R (2004) Management of the entered frontal sinus. Neurosurg Rev 27(4):286–288

Cheng YK, Weng HH, Yang JT, Lee MH, Wang TC, Chang CN (2008) Factors affecting graft infection after cranioplasty. J Clin Neurosci 15(10):1115–1119 Dashti SR, Baharvahdat H, Spetzler RF et al. (2008) Operative intracranial infection following craniotomy.

Neurosurg Focus 24(6):E10

Friedman JA, Piepgras DG, Duke DA, McClelland RL, Bechtle PS, Maher CO, Morita A, Perkins WJ, Parisi JE, Brown RD Jr (2001) Remote cerebellar hemorrhage after supratentorial surgery. Neurosurgery 49(6):1327–1340

Gnanalingham KK, Lafuente J, Thompson D, Harkness W, Hayward R (2002) Surgical procedures for posterior fossa tumors in children: does craniotomy lead to fewer complications than craniectomy? J Neurosurg 97(4):821–826

Harreld JH, Mohammed N, Goldsberry G, Li X, Li Y, Boop F, Patay Z (2015) Postoperative intraspinal subdural collections after pediatric posterior fossa tumor resection: incidence, imaging, and clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36(5):993–999.

Honeybul S, Ho KM (2011) Long-term complications of decompressive craniectomy for head injury. J Neurotrauma 28(6):929–935

Joseph V, Reilly P (2009) Syndrome of the trephined. J Neurosurg 111(4):650–652

Kothbauer KF, Jallo GI, Siffert J, Jimenez E, Allen JC, Epstein FJ. (2001). Foreign body reaction to hemostatic materials mimicking recurrent brain tumor. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg 95(3):503-506.

Michel SJ (2004) The Mount Fuji sign. Radiology 232(2):449–450

Mori K, Nakajima M, Maeda M (2003) Simple reconstruction of frontal sinus opened during craniotomy using small autogenous bone piece: technical note. Surg Neurol 60(4):326–328; discussion 328

Paízek J, Mericka P, Nemecek S, Nemecková J, Spacek J, Suba P, Sercl M (1998) Posterior cranial fossa surgery in 454 children. Comparison of results obtained in preCT and CT era and after various types of management of dura mater. Childs Nerv Syst 14(9):426–438; discussion 439

Palmer JD, Sparrow OC, Iannotti F (1994) Postoperative hematoma: a 5-year survey and identification of avoidable­ risk factors. Neurosurgery 35(6):1061– 1064; discussion 1064–1065

Patel RS, Yousem DM, Maldjian JA, Zager EL (2000) Incidence and clinical significance of frontal sinus or orbital entry during pterional (frontotemporal) craniotomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21(7):1327–1330

Polin RS, Shaffrey ME, Bogaev CA, Tisdale N, Germanson T, Bocchicchio B et al. (1997) Decompressive bifrontal craniectomy in the treatment of severe refractory posttraumatic cerebral edema. Neurosurgery 41:84–92

Ribalta T, McCutcheon IE, Neto AG, Gupta D, Kumar AJ, Biddle DA, Langford LA, Bruner JM, Leeds NE, Fuller GN (2004) Textiloma (gossypiboma) mimicking recurrent intracranial tumor. Arch Pathol Lab Med 128(7):749–758.

Sinclair AG, Scoffings DJ (2010) Imaging of the postoperative cranium. Radiographics 30(2):461–482

Stiver SI (2009) Complications of decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Focus 26(6):E7

Su FW, Ho JT, Wang HC (2008) Acute contralateral subdural hygroma following craniectomy. J Clin Neurosci 15(3):305–307

Tokoro K, Chiba Y, Tsubone K (1989) Late infection after cranioplasty-review of 14 cases. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 29(3):196–201

Webber-Jones JE (2005) Tension pneumocephalus. J Neurosurg Nurs 37(5):272–276