13.) Virginia Woolf.

Adeline Virginia Woolf was an English writer, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century.

During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929), with its famous dictum, "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."

Mrs Dalloway is a novel by Virginia Woolf that details a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway in post-World War I England. It is one of Woolf's best-known novels. Created from two short stories, "Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street" and the unfinished "The Prime Minister", the novel's story is of Clarissa's preparations for a party of which she is to be hostess. With the interior perspective of the novel, the story travels forwards and back in time and in and out of the characters' minds to construct an image of Clarissa's life and of the inter-war social structure.

To the Lighthouse is a novel by Virginia Woolf. A landmark novel of high modernism, the text, which centres on the Ramsays and their visits to the Isle of Skye in Scotland between 1910 and 1920, skilfully manipulates temporal and psychological elements.To the Lighthouse follows and extends the tradition of modernist novelists like Marcel Proust and James Joyce, where the plot is secondary to philosophical introspection, and the prose can be winding and hard to follow. The novel includes little dialogue and almost no action; most of it is written as thoughts and observations. The novel recalls childhood emotions and highlights adult relationships. Among the book's many tropes and themes are those of loss, subjectivity, and the problem of perception.

Orlando: A semi-biographical novel based in part on the life of Woolf's lover Vita Sackville-West, it is generally considered one of Woolf's most accessible novels. The novel has been influential stylistically, and is considered important in literature generally, and particularly in the history of women's writing and gender studies.

Women's writing as a discrete area of literary studies is based on the notion that the experience of women, historically, has been shaped by their gender, and so women writers by definition are a group worthy of separate study.

Women's writing came to exist as a separate category of scholarly interest relatively recently. In the West, the second wave of feminism prompted a general reevaluation of women's historical contributions, and various academic sub-disciplines, such as women's history and women's writing, developed in response to the belief that women's lives and contributions have been underrepresented as areas of scholarly interest.

14.) “Bad boys” is a popular theme in American literature (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)

Mark Twain (1835 -1910) – is one of the greatest US authors .He comes from the South and he worked as a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi river. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He wrote his famous Life on the Mississippi, based on his romantic memories. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn describe the adventures of boyhood.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: it was a story about “bad boys”, a popular theme in American literature. The two young heroes, Tom and Huck Finn, are “bad” only because they fight against the stupidity of the adult world. In the end they win.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Twain gives his young hero very adult problems. Huck and escaped slave, Jim, are floating down the Mississippi River on a raft. During their trip Huck learns about the evil of the world. The laws of society say he must return Jim to his “owner”, but he decides that the slave is a man, not a “thing”. He things deeply about morality and breaks the law. After that he isn´t a child any more.

15.) Poe as a creator of modern detective story

In 1841, American poet and writer, Edgar Allan Poe, created his clever logician, C. Auguste Dupin. With three short stories featuring Dupin, Poe birthed modern mystery.

Edgar Allen Poe is well-known for his tales of Gothic horror, often featuring themes of immolation, insanity, and the macabre. But Poe's skills spread far beyond "The Tell-Tale Heart" and "The Fall of the House of Usher," both excellent works in their own right. The American author penned quality works as a literary critic, a masterful poet, and an original storyteller.

It is in this latter respect that Poe created C. Auguste Dupin. Often credited as the "first-ever fictional detective," Dupin is an analytical and frightfully perceptive amateur private investigator. He earns the "detective" distinction if not in title than in his process. With his three short stories featuring Dupin, Poe is often heralded as the inventor of detective fiction and the modern mystery.

In 1841, Edgar Allan Poe published "The Murders in the Rue Morgue." He would refer to this short story as a " tale of ratiocination "; others would call it a brilliant new genre of fiction — the detective story.

With the success of "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," C. Auguste Dupin was destined to return. In his 1842 short story, "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt," however, Poe focuses almost entirely on Dupin's deductive reasoning, so much so that the solving of the murder loses all its importance.

Monsieur Dupin would return one more time in Poe's 1844 short story, "The Purloined Letter." In this tale, Poe again takes a novel approach to Dupin. In "The Purloined Letter," Dupin is essentially hired for his services. Once again, the unnamed narrator serves as the ear to Dupin's analytical explanations.

With "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt," and "The Purloined Letter," Poe kicked off one of the most popular and enduring of all fiction genres — detective fiction/crime novels. Sure, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes may be the most famous fictional "detective," but C. Auguste Dupin will forever have the honorary distinction of being the first.