Грамматика. Практикум
.pdfFuture Continuous |
will be making |
----- |
Future Perfect |
will have made |
will have been made |
Future Perfect Continuous |
will have been making |
----- |
Note 1: The auxiliary verb to get is sometimes used instead of to be to form the passive. In such cases, get + Participle II indicates a change in status or condition. The person or the thing indicated by the subject of the sentence is responsible for the consequences/results.
He was fired last week. - He couldn't keep his mouth shut and got fired.
Note 2:Only transitive verbs (such verbs that take a direct object) can be used in the passive voice.
He runs fast. (to run – an intransitive verb)
Mr. Smith runs this restaurant. (to run – a transitive verb ) - This restaurant is run by Mr. Smith.
II.The Use
The Passive Voice is used when the doer of the action is either unknown or unimportant.
The goods have been delivered.
Note: in this case the subject of the active construction will be the indefinite pronoun “one” or the word “people”.
One sees this sort of advertisement everywhere. - This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.
The Passive Voice is used when the doer of the action is of great importance and is emphasized. In this case the doer of the action is introduced with “by”.
Why are you always wearing this sweater? - It was made by Granny.
Note: The agentive by-object is used to say who did the action. The object introduced by “with” is used for instruments and materials or after the participles coloured, crammed, crowded, filled, flavoured, packed.
The jam was packed with a lot of fruit.
It was drawn with a stick.
The Passive Voice is used to make the statement more formal and more polite.
The ceremony will be held on July 12.
III.Types of Passive Constructions.
There are verbs which can take both a direct object and an indirect object. They are called ditransitive verbs.
The direct object (DO) is an object which follows a transitive verb and completes its meaning denoting a person or a thing affected by the action of the verb.
The indirect object (IO) is an object denoting the addressee or recipient of the action.
He gave me (IO) a book (DO).
In English there are two patterns with two corresponding passive constructions:
Subject +Verb + Indirect Object + Direct |
Subject +Verb + Direct Object + to + Indirect Object |
Alice gave us that vase. |
Alice gave that vase to us. |
Passive: We were given that vase (by Alice) |
Passive: That vase was given (to) us (by Alice). |
The subject of the direct passive construction corresponds to the direct object of the active construction.
The subject of the indirect passive construction corresponds to the indirect object of the active construction.
Indirect Passive Construction |
Direct Passive Construction |
Passive: Wewere given that vase (by Alice) |
Passive: That vasewas given (to) us (by Alice). |
Alice gave us (IO) that vase. |
Alice gave that vase (DO)to us. |
IV. Restrictions on the Use of the Passive Voice
There are no perfect continuous forms.
The intransitive verbs have no passive forms.
Note: The intransitive verbs to live, to sit and to sleep can be used in the passive voice with the preposition “in”:
The bed was slept in.
The house has never been lived in.
The statal transitive verbs such as to have, to become, to lack, to fit, to suit, to resemble are not used in the passive.
The verb “to let” is not used in the passive. It is substituted for the verb to allow.
Mum didn't let me go out. - I was not allowed to go out.
Only the direct passive construction is possible with the verbs which are used in the pattern Verb + Direct Object + to +Indirect Object with the obligatory “to”, such as to explain something to somebody,to dictate something to somebody, to demonstrate, to mention, to propose, to report, to suggest, to announce, etc.)
The rule was explained to them once more. They were explained the rule.
The indirect passive construction is impossible with the verbs of benefaction:
They bought me a book. = They bought the book for me. = The book was bought for me. I was bought …
In verb phrases containing a non-prepositional and a prepositional object only the non-prepositional passive is possible:
They told me about that event. - I was told about that event.
She is said to be staying in this hotel. - Говорят, она остановилась в этом отеле.
She is told to stay in this hotel. - Ей сказали поселиться в этом отеле.
The passive voice is not found in the sentences of the following type:
The book sells well.
This material wears long.
The novel reads easily.
The place was filling up.
Glass breaks easily.
The door opened.
Note: The library was open from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. = The opening hours were from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. /The library was opened last summer. = The library started to work last summer.
V. Verbs used in the Passive Voice
English transitive verbs corresponding to Russian intransitive verbs:
Verb |
Translation |
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Examples |
answer |
отвечать на ... |
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Without any warning, and hardly half a ring, the phone was |
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answered |
approach |
подходить/ |
обHe has been approached by Buckingham Palace to give |
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ращаться к ... |
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them a new image |
address |
обращаться к ... |
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Jack is addressed by her as ‘my lad’ |
affect |
влиять на ... |
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Health itself is affected by lack of money for nourishing |
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food, warm houses and holidays |
attend |
присутствовать на ... |
It has been attended by over 20,000 people in UK already |
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believe |
верить в ... |
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It is believed that ... |
enter |
войти в ... |
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The Foreign Secretary's residence was entered from the park |
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front |
follow |
следовать за ... |
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The meat course was followed by dessert |
influence |
влиять на ... |
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The way we vote is being influenced by TV |
join |
присоединиться к ... |
Ten minutes later he was joined by the couple for whom he |
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had been waiting |
need |
нуждаться в ... |
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Help will be needed |
watch |
наблюдать за ... |
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She began to get an uncanny feeling that she was being |
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watched |
English prepositional monotransitive verbs used in the Passive Voice:
Verb |
Meaning |
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Examples |
account for |
объяснить |
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Your behaviour must be accounted for. |
agree upon |
договориться |
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The terms had been agreed upon before the |
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discussion. |
arrive at |
достичь |
(соглашения), |
No agreed definition of this term has yet been |
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принять (решение) |
arrived at. |
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call on |
вызывать, взывать |
And this afternoon the Prime Minister was |
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called on to act. |
catch sight of |
увидеть |
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Sensation: a real dragon was caught sight of |
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by infrared rays. |
come to |
прийти (к соглашению) |
Many conclusions, clearly, had been come to |
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since then. |
comment on |
прокомментировать |
Points 1 and 2 will be commented on later. |
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deal with |
иметь дело, управляться |
Has the situation been dealt with effectively? |
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decide on |
договориться |
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A date was decided on. |
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dispose of |
избавляться |
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The evidence was disposed of. |
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dwell upon |
заострить |
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внимание, |
The questions is being dwelt upon in commit- |
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остановиться подробнее |
tees like this all around the country at the mo- |
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ment. |
find fault with |
придираться, |
искать |
No child is found fault with in this institution. |
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недостатки |
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hear of |
слышать о ... |
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This thing has never been heard of. |
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insist on |
настаивать на ... |
This amendment will be insisted upon by |
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many investors. |
interfere with |
помешать |
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My plans were interfered with. |
laugh at |
посмеяться над... |
The suggestion was laughed at. |
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live in |
жить |
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This house has never been lived in. |
listen to |
слушать |
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When he speaks he is listened to with well- |
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earned respect. |
look after |
заботиться, |
пригляды- |
He is being well looked after. |
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вать |
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look for |
искать |
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What is being looked for? |
look into |
изучить |
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The matters have got to be looked into very |
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carefully. |
lose sight of |
потерять из виду |
The ship was lost sight of. |
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make fun of |
насмехаться |
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This thing shouldn't be made fun of. |
make a fuss of |
суетиться вокруг |
An only child is often made a fuss of. |
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make use of |
воспользоваться |
The supply was made use of. |
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object to |
возражать |
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Dad has never been objected to. |
pay attention to |
обращать внимание на ... |
Her words have always been paid attention to. |
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pay for |
оплатить |
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The all-inclusive tour is paid for in advance. |
provide for |
обеспечивать |
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His family is well provided for. |
put an end to |
положить конец |
Poverty must be put an end to. |
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put up with |
мириться |
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Poverty can't be put up with. |
read to |
читать |
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The children were too excited to be read to. |
refer to |
ссылаться на ... |
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This book is often referred to. |
rely on |
положиться на ... |
They can't be relied on. |
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send for |
послать за ... |
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Has the doctor been sent for? |
set fire to |
поджечь |
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The leaves were set fire to. |
sit in (on) |
сидеть |
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Such a dress can't be sat down in. |
sleep in |
спать |
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His bed hasn't been slept in. |
speak about (of) |
говорить о ... |
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This accident is much spoken about. |
speak to |
говорить с ... |
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‘You wait your turn and speak when you're |
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spoken to. |
take notice of |
заметить |
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He was taken no notice of. |
take advantage of |
извлечь выгоду |
Surprisingly, the crisis has been taken advan- |
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tage of. |
take care of |
заботиться |
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I will be well taken care of |
talk about (of) |
говорить о ... |
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A man who is much talked about is always |
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very attractive |
think about (of) |
думать о ... |
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This option has never been thought about |
touch upon |
касаться |
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This was touched upon whilewe were dis- |
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cussing the plans |
wait for |
ожидать |
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You are being waited for |
wonder at |
удивляться |
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His behaviour was wondered at |
PART TWO
THE NOUN
The Number EXERCISE № 1. Make the following nouns plural.
A. Pin, hat, fox, baby, day, potato, volcano, piano, photo, knife, roof, half, leaf, cliff, chief, life, family, queue, bath, berry, valley, century, taxi, person, penny, watch, lily, woodworm, child, man, foot, woman, sheep, deer, ox, tooth, ship, fish, fireman, swine, house, louse, goose, series, species, aircraft, story, play, glass, flag, photo, name, match, bush, page, radio, prize, set, key, factory, wolf, class, cup, city, lullaby, charity, oligarch, passport, bus pass, address, balloon, beauty, island, bodyguard, euro, local;
B. German, Swiss, Japanese, Maltese, Portuguese, Chinese, Milanese;
C. Criterion, datum, formula, crisis, index, phenomenon, oasis, nucleus, memorandum, basis, radius, analysis, hypothesis;
D. Passer-by, mother-in-law, roommate, forget-me-not, merry-go-round, fellow-worker, schoolinspector, commander-in-chief, boy-messenger, personnel-manager, woman-driver, man-servant, face-lift, spoonful, cupful, boyfriend, grown-up, office-block, workmate, sister-in-law, lily-of-the- valley, ticket-holder, governor-general.
EXERCISE № 2. Make the following nouns plural.
A. Army, baby, bag, bed, beer, bench, bird, box, boy, brother, brother-in-law, brush, bush, cage, cake, child, chop, college, country, day, daughter, deer, dish, dog, dress, egg, exercise, face, family, fish, foot, goose, half, handkerchief, hospital, house, housewife, knife, lady, lamp, lawn, leaf, library, man, mass, match, mother-in-law, mouse, niece, nursery, orange, page, pantry, parrot, party, passer-by, patch, penny, phoneme, piano, policeman, potato, postman, roof, saleswoman, sentence, shelf, sheep, sister-in-law, sitting-room, sofa, son-in-law, sportsman, story, study, suffix, swine, tape-recorder, tea-pot, test, text, tie, toast, tomato, toy, turkey, wife, waitress, wolf, woman, writer, woman-servant.
B. Basis, bath, birth, bunch, clergyman, court martial, crisis, criterion, cry, datum, downfall, echo, enemy, Englishman, finger-tip, forget-me-not, formula, fox, genius, hero, joy, journey, key, lie, looker-on, loss, man-of-war, mischief-maker, ox, penknife, pie, portfolio, possibility, rock, ship, spy, stepdaughter, thief, volcano.
EXERCISE № 3. Make the following nouns singular.
Children, women, lorries, bodies, men, brushes, knives, keys, colonies, halves, ministries, flies, matches, universities, babies, watches, lives, ways, ladies, shelves, copies, libraries, wolves, tomatoes, potatoes, bushes.
EXERCISE № 4. Change the italicized word from singular to plural. Then make the necessary change in the form of the verb.
1) |
My book is on the desk. |
1) My books are on the desk too. |
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2) |
That man speaks English well. |
2) |
Those men speak English well too. |
3) |
That boy plays in the park. |
3) |
Those boys play in the park too. |
4) |
This child plays with the dog. |
4) |
These children play with the dog too. |
5) |
This mouse runs into the hole. |
5) |
These mice run into the hole too. |
6) |
The wolf runs after the deer. |
7) |
The wolves run after the deer. |
7) |
This bus arrives on time. |
8) |
These buses arrive on time too. |
8) |
The cat runs after the mouse. |
9) |
The cats run after the mice. |
9) |
My class begins at one o'clock. |
10) My classes begin at one o'clock too. |
10) This dress is pretty.
11) That pencil is on the desk.
11) These dresses are pretty too.
12) Those pencils are on the desk too.
EXERCISE № 5. Change the italicized word from singular to plural. Then make the necessary change in the form of the verb. Use the word either.
1) |
This child isn't sleepy. |
1) |
These children aren't sleepy either. |
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2) |
Her daughter-in-law is not 30 yet. |
2) |
My daughters-in-law aren't 30 either. |
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3) |
This box isn't big enough. |
3) |
These boxes aren't big enough either. |
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4) |
That watch isn't fast. |
4) |
Those watches aren't fast either. |
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5) |
This tomato isn't very tasty. |
5) |
These tomatoes aren't very tasty either. |
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6) |
My goose isn't always in the pond. |
6) |
My geese aren't always in the pond either. |
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7) |
That church isn't very large. |
7) |
Those churches aren't very large either. |
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8) |
This policeman isn't very sympathetic. |
8) |
These policemen aren't very sympathetic either. |
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9) |
This passer-by isn't very attentive. |
9) |
These passers-by aren't very attentive either. |
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10) My mouse isn't white. |
10) My mice aren't white either. |
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11) This ox isn't very obedient. |
11) These oxen aren't very obedient either. |
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12) |
This toy-deer isn't broken. |
12) |
These toy-deer aren't broken either. |
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13) |
That sheep isn't wild. |
13) |
Those sheep aren't wild either. |
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14) |
This tooth isn't filled. |
14) |
These teeth aren't filled either. |
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15) |
This woman isn't busy. |
15) |
These women aren't busy either. |
EXERCISE № 6.Take the part of Speaker B and answer the questions using the number two.
Example: Did they ask the child? - More than that. They asked two children.
1) Did Billy break his tooth?
2) Did you see a fireman?
3) Did you see a policeman?
4) Did she buy a steak knife?
5) Did you catch a fish?
6) Did Mr Lane lose a calf?
7) Did you see a woman there?
8) Did she ask the salesman?
9) Did the wolf kill a sheep?
10) Does she have a goose?
11) Did Mrs Finch bake a loaf of bread?
12) Did Felix catch a mouse?
13) Did the wind damage any house?
14) Did you get a watch for your birthday?
15) Is there a circus in town?
16) Does she have a green blouse? 17) Do you have enough to fill a box?
1) He broke two teeth.
2) I saw two firemen.
3) I saw two policemen.
4) She bought two steak knives.
5) I caught two fish.
6) Mr. Lane lost two calves.
7) I saw two women there.
8) She asked two salesmen.
9) It killed two sheep.
10) She has two geese.
11) She baked two loaves of bread.
12) Felix caught two mice.
13) The wind damaged two houses.
14) I got two watches.
15) There are two circuses.
16) She has two green blouses.
17) I have enough to fill two boxes.
EXERCISE № 7. Answer the questions using the prompts in brackets. Pay attention to the pronouns that substitute for the nouns.
1) |
Where are the police? (in the house) |
1) |
They are in the house. |
2) |
Where are your clothes? (in the suitcase) |
2) |
They are in the suitcase. |
3) |
Where is the money? (on the table) |
3) |
It is on the table. |
4) |
Where are the goods? (on board the ship) |
4) |
They are on board the ship. |
5) |
Where is the furniture? (in the truck) |
5) |
It is in the truck. |
6) |
Where are my pyjamas? (in the drawer) |
6) |
They are in the drawer. |
7) |
Where are my glasses? (on your nose) |
7) |
They are on your nose. |
8) Where are the scales? (on the counter) |
8) They are on the counter. |
EXERCISE № 8. Complete these dialogues using a suitable plural noun or uncountable noun. Make sure the form of each word is correct. Look at the example first.
Model: A: It's too hot for jeans. - B: You need a pair of shorts.
1) |
I have to cut this paper into three pieces. |
You need scissors. |
2) |
I can't see because the sun is in my eyes. |
You need sunglasses. |
3) |
I don't know what to do when I leave school. |
You need some advice. |
4) |
My room looks so empty. |
You need some furniture. |
5) |
I want to see what there is in the distance. |
You need binoculars. |
6) |
I want to find out how much I weigh. |
You need scales. |
7) I can't play my music loud because my mother |
You need headphones. |
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is always complaining. |
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8) |
I need to get a splinter out of my finger. |
You need tweezers. |
9) |
The police need to keep the prisoner’s hands |
They need handcuffs. |
together. |
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10) I need to cut my hedge. |
You need shears. |
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11) I'm starting to feel cold in bed. |
You need pyjamas. |
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12) My teacher said my English wasn't getting |
You need some practice. |
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any better. |
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EXERCISE № 9. Correct the statements using the number two and some additional words to make uncountable nouns countable.
Model: We need some bread. - I think we need two loaves of bread.
1) He gave me some advice.
2) He bought some new furniture.
3) They have some news.
4) They have some luggage.
5) I need hot tea. 6) You need shorts.
1) He gave you two pieces of advice.
2) He bought two pieces of furniture.
3) They have two pieces of news.
4) They have two pieces of luggage.
5) You need two cups of hot tea. 6) I need two pairs of shorts.
EXERCISE № 10. Fill the gaps with an appropriate plural-form noun.
4)(To a child) Come on! Get your …………. on! It's time to go to bed.
5)The ………….of the rock concert are going to the international 'Save the Children fund'.
6)The………….in the new concert hall are superb. I've never heard such clear sound.
7)The escaped prisoner is tall, dark and has a beard. His ………….are unknown, but the search is continuing.
8)You don't have to wear ………….to ride, but it's much more comfortable.
9)The ………….have forbidden the import of all foreign …………..
10)The ………….of today's festival will go to several local charities.
11)The poor child inherited his mother's ………….and his father's looks.
12)Passengers are reminded to take all their personal ………….with them when they leave the plane.
13)I'm going to report these holes in the road to the …………..
14)There is no smoking allowed anywhere on school …………..
15)They live in very pleasant …………..
16)Use the …………. to make a perfect circle.
17)Use these…………. to weigh that – they are more accurate.
18) We had nothing to declare at ………….
EXERCISE № 11. In this little story, there are some nouns that should be plural but are not. Change the text where appropriate.
My friend decided that if she wanted to be a pop star like Madonna, she’d have to leave home and get lodging in London. She finally got a room, but it was on the outskirts of the city. The owner didn't live on the premise, so she wasn’t allowed to make as much noise as she liked. The acoustic in the bathroom was fantastic, so she preferred to practise there. But she made so much noise she almost shook the foundation! The girl went to the headquarter of the Musician' Union, but a guy there said she just didn't have a good enough look to be famous. Oh well, never mind!
EXERCISE № 12.Choose the correct form, singular or plural.
1.The trousers you bought doesn't/don't fit you. They are/It is terribly unflattering.
2.Physics was/were my best subject at school. - Really? But I think mathematics is/are much easier than physics.
3.Fortunately the news wasn't/weren't as bad as we had expected.
4.The police want/wants to interview me about the robbery.
5.Three days isn't/aren't long enough for a good holiday.
6.Where does/do your family live? - All my family live/lives with me.
7.England has/have lost all the football matches this season.
8.Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn't/aren't sharp enough.
9.I'm going to take a taxi. Six miles is/are too far for me to walk.
10.Fifty dollars is/are too much to pay for these trousers.
11.The majority of the people believe/believes him to be innocent.
12.Sunday morning felt different from weekday mornings; even quieter than normal, as though the countryside itself was/were taking the day off.
13.The mass media, TV and the press have/has enormous power in any society.
14.When is/are the daily news on? - They are/It is on every hour on channel A.
15.Your advice was/were very useful.
16.I usually use your advice/advices when I'm in trouble/troubles.
17.This book contains much useful information/informations.
18.Money isn't/aren't everything in my life but it is difficult to live without it/them.
19.Coffee/a coffee or tea/a tea, please? - Two tea/teas and a coffee/coffee, please.
20.People/peoples eat more fruit/fruits now than they used to.
21.The fruits/fruit of nature belong to all mankind.
22.Too much/many knowledge/knowledges makes the head bald.
23.Your bathroom scales is/are not very accurate.
24.Table-tennis is/are the same as ping-pong.
25.The scissors doesn’t/don’t work very well.
26.Education is/are considered to be very important.
27.Water is/are necessary for plants to grow.
28.The rubbish has/have been taken away.
29.The stairs is/are very dangerous.
30.His experience of travel is/are limited.
31.Paper is/are made from wood.
32.M’s family was/were happy for her immense and sudden success.
EXERCISE № 13.Choose the correct form.
Dear Polly,
Thank/thanks for your letter. Your news was/were interesting. We must talk soon. What about us?
Well, we are living on the outskirt/outskirts of town, not far from the company headquarter/headquarters where Bill works. We've spent nearly all our saving/savings on the house. That wouldn't matter so much if I hadn't crashed the car last week and done some damage/damages to the front of it. More bills! But at least I wasn't hurt. The house is nice actually, but the surroundings isn't/aren't very pleasant. We are on a very busy crossroad/crossroads.
I'm doing the course I told you about. Statistics is/are an easy subject, but economics give/gives me problems.
I am looking forward to seeing you soon. With love,
Rita
EXERCISE № 14. Supply the missing words. |
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1. |
Where............................ |
the scissors? -........... |
are in the first drawer on the left. |
2. |
How much................ |
a good pair of trousers cost these days? |
3.I know he's clever, but brains …………(not) the only thing in life.
4. |
I'm so pleased you got into university!............ |
on your success! |
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5. |
If your clothes.............. |
dirty, please put them in the laundry basket. |
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6. |
My jeans (not)..................... |
faded much even though I keep washing ………. |
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7. |
I'm looking for the pliers. - You'll find............. |
on that shelf. |
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8. |
My earnings (not)............................ |
high, but at least they...... |
regular. |
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9. |
These shorts.............. |
fit me at all! |
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10.The acoustics in this room …… very good.
11.This crossroads ……. dangerous.
12.There …… four crossroads in our village.
13.Acoustics ….. a subject I know little about.
14.Our company headquarters …… in London.
15.There …… many series of books on birds.
16.The statistics in these report …… inaccurate.
17.…… there any statistics for road accidents?
18.Many species of moth ……. disappeared.
19.This species …… green and white spots.
20.Our works ….. a good canteen.
EXERCISE № 15. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
1.I need some informations.
2.We had a lovely weather.
3.The furnitures are very old.
4.I'm looking for a new jeans.
5.Your hairs are getting very long.
6.Do you have a scissors?
7.We had a lot of homeworks yesterday.
8.Do you think she's making a progress with her English?
9.These trousers is too small.
10.She gave me some good advices.
11.We had such a terrible weather that we left the camp-site and got an accommodation in town instead.
12.In the North of England, most houses are made of stones, but in the South, bricks are more common.
13.I love antique furnitures, but I would need an advice from a specialist before I bought any. My knowledges in that area are very poor.
14. Her researches are definitely making great progresses these days. She has done a lot of original works recently.
EXERCISE № 16. Cross out the incorrect noun.
1.To press you need iron/an iron.
2.Language/a language is a unique phenomenon.
3.In her youth she was beauty/a beauty.
4.We are looking for people with experience/an experience.
5.He kept his money in tin/a tin under the bed.
6.She has been looking for work/a work for three months.
7.You should study law/ a law at the University.
8.Then everybody called for him to make speech/ a speech.
9.There is an egg/egg on your cheek.
10.I don't eat a chicken/chicken, I'd rather have a fish/fish.
11.A paper/paper is made of wood.
12.''Waiter, a coffee/ coffee and two cakes, please.''
EXERCISE № 17. Translate from Russian into English.
Эти очки очень темные. |
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These spectacles (glasses) are very dark. |
Незабудки - его любимые цветы. |
Forget-me-nots are his favourite flowers. |
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Где деньги? - Они на столе. |
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Where is the money? - It is on the table. |
Какие последние новости? |
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What's the (latest) news? |
Не трогай эти грязные носовые платки. |
Don't touch these dirty handkerchiefs. |
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Его знания по немецкому оставляют |
His knowledge of German leaves much to be desired. |
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желать лучшего. |
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Те весы - неправильные. Не трогай (не |
Those scales are wrong. Don't take them. |
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бери) их. |
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У нее длинные густые волосы. |
She has long thick hair. |
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Те ножницы ужасно тупые. |
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Those scissors are awfully blunt. |
Официант! У меня в супе три |
Waiter! There are three hairs in my soup!!! |
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волосинки!!! |
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Эти шарфы более дорогие, чем те. |
These scarfs(ves) are more expensive than those ones. |
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Овцы едят траву, да? |
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Sheep eat grass, don't they? |
К чему наши советы? Ты же видишь, она в |
What is our advice for? You see, she doesn't need it. |
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них не нуждается. |
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У меня для тебя хорошая новость. |
I have good news (a good piece of news) for you. |
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Ворота были сломаны. |
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The gate was broken./The gates were broken. |
Я дам тебе три совета. |
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I will give you three pieces of advice. |
Его зарплата ниже зарплаты жены. |
His wages are lower than his wife's. |
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Полиция ищет его. |
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The police are looking for him. |
Местонахождение |
преступника |
The whereabouts of the criminal are unknown. |
неизвестно. |
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Какая интересная работа! |
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What interesting work! |
EXERCISE № 18. Translate from Russian into English. |
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Фундамент дома сделан из камня. |
The basis of the house is made of stone. |
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Земля вращается вокруг своей оси. |
The Earth rotates about/around its axis/revolves on its |
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axis. |
Кактусы растут в пустынях. |
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Cactuses/cacti grow in deserts. |
Многие бактерии вызывают болезни. |
A lot of bacteria cause diseases. |