Грамматика. Практикум

had behaved differently (we can also use other modals instead of would).

A. When Louise left home, the weather was dry. Aunt Helen told her to take an umbrella, but she didn’t listen. It was hot in the shopping centre, so she took off her coat. Then she saw her friend Amanda. Louise and Amanda went to have a cup of tea together and Amanda borrowed Louise’s five pounds.

When Louise was leaving the shopping centre, she remembered that she had left her coat in the restaurant. She hurried back to get it, but it wasn’t there. Her bus ticket was in the coat pocket.

So Louise had to walk home. It was quite a long way and suddenly it began to drizzle. Poor Louise

– no coat, no umbrella, no money, no bus pass. When she got home, she was cold and wet. She became ill and had to spend the next day – her birthday – in bed. She couldn’t have her birthday party.

B. Last night was lucky for five-month-old baby Mary Smith. One of the neighbours came home late that day as he had dined out with his friends, so he saw the fire at number 6 Orchard Street. The day before Mary’s father had been painting the house. He hadn’t put the ladder away. So Jim, the neighbour, was able to reach the first floor window to rescue little Mary.

C. Joe was going on a vacation to Germany. He had to be at the airport for his flight at 9am, but his alarm didn’t go off and he overslept. He got dressed very quickly, threw everything into his suitcase and ran out of the house.

When he got to the airport he realized he had forgotten his passport. So he jumped in a taxi and returned home. He grabbed his passport from the coffee table and got in another taxi.

One mile from the airport the taxi broke down. He tried to flag down another, but they were all taken and so he ran the rest of the way.

When he arrived at the airport, he saw that he had missed his flight. He had to pay 500 dollars for another ticket for the next flight. He finally left for Germany at 11 am.

EXERCISE № 330. Work with your partner and make up short dialogues as in the models. Model 1: Why didn't you pay Tom? - You didn't tell me to. If you'd told me, I'd have paid him of course.

Model 2: He didn't ask me to go. - Would you have gone if he had asked you? (slight stress on had)

Model 3: I didn't feel well that's why I didn't go with him. - So if you'd felt well, you'd have gone with him, would you?

1.I didn't do the last three questions, so I didn't pass the driving test.

2.I didn't know his number, so I didn't ring him.

3.I didn't take her threats seriously, so I didn't tell the police.

4.I didn't realize he was ill, so I didn't give him the day off.

5.My gun wasn't loaded, so I didn't fire.

6.They didn't give me a work permit, so I didn't stay here.

7.I didn't hear knocking, so I didn't open the door.

8.I left the map at home, so I got lost.

9.I didn’t look both ways before crossing the street, so I was knocked down.

10.I left the house late, so I didn’t catch the train.

11.I lost my appointment book, so I didn’t congratulate Marie on her birthday.

Model 4: He didn't tell me the lions were loose, so I left the jeep. - So if he had told you the lions were loose, you wouldn't have left the jeep, eh?

1.I wasn't given correct information, so I arrived at a false conclusion.

2.He didn't love her; that's why he deceived her.

3.I didn’t charge my mobile, so it went dead in the middle of the day.

4.I didn't know the whole story, so I blamed Tom.

5.He couldn't swim; that's why he was drowned.

6.They made a mistake with our order, so I we didn’t pay them on time.

7.He didn't tie up the boat, so it drifted away.

8.I didn't realize the lion was dangerous, so I opened the cage.

9.I didn't expect him to ring back at once, so I went out.

10.We took a wrong turning back there, so we turned out to be in such a mess.

11.He didn’t have a ladder so he didn’t manage to escape.

Mixed Conditionals

EXERCISE № 331. Use mixed conditionals (type 2+type 3) to combine the sentences.

Model: You are a kind man. That’s why she married you. – If you were not a kind man, she wouldn’t have married you.

1.You are a generous man. That’s why she paid attention to you.

2.The island is no longer a tourist attraction so the earthquake didn’t cause a huge number of deaths last week.

3.You are a poor dancer. No wonder you couldn’t get a job in that musical.

4.You are blind to his faults. No wonder you didn’t realize he wanted to swindle you out of all money you possess.

5.Dan is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday.

6.Blair is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married.

7.Professor Hall talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an expert on African tribal groups.

8.I am unemployed because I had a disagreement with my boss and was fired.

9.Mark is not going to the graduation ceremony because he broke his leg snowboarding last week.

10.I am not a millionaire because I didn’t accept that job last year.

11.I am not a good cook so I can't invite my friends to lunch.

12.I am tired now because I went out last night.

EXERCISE № 332. Use mixed conditionals (type 3+type 2) to combine the sentences. Model: You did not feed the dog, so the dog is hungry now. – If you had fed the dog, she wouldn’t be hungry now.

1.You did not cut your cat. There are too many kittens now.

2.He took the medication as prescribed, so he doesn’t need to lie sick in bed.

3.He ran after the car thief and suffered a heart attack, he isn’t alive.

4.I ate too much tiramisu yesterday so I feel sick today.

5.Diane speaks Chinese fluently because she lived in China for ten years.

6.She didn’t study hard. She won’t pass the finals.

7.I didn’t buy tickets. We can’t go to the circus tonight.

8.Tomas missed his flight, so he won’t arrive until tomorrow.

9.The tourist didn’t take the map with them so they are lost now.

10.The driver isn’t careful. He crashed his car into a tree.

11.She didn’t book a table. She has to wait for two hours now.

12.She forgot to top up. Now she can’t call her sister.

Revision

EXERCISE № 333. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct form to make all types of conditional sentences.

1. What ………..your life ………..(be) like if you ………..(be) born the opposite sex?

3.What every woman knows and no man can ever grasp is that even if he ……….. (bring) home everything on the list, he ………..(still/not/get) the right things. Why? Because the woman truly believes that if she ………..(go) to the supermarket she ………..(make) better choices.

4.If my love life ……….. (be) a bottle, it ………..(be) be empty. If it ………..(be) a place, it

………..(be) the Sahara Desert. Or Death Valley. Okay, I'm exaggerating. But not by much.

5.What ………..I ………..(think) in that situation if I ………..(be) Corinne?

6.And if I ………..(become) a cheerleader — just if — I ………..(can/be) closer to Robert.

7.If I ……….. (be) you, I ………..(fill) the tank now so that we don’t run out of petrol.

8.If I ………..(call) in on my way home from work, ………..that ………..(be) all right?

9.If you ………..(shop) online, you ………..(get) a 10% discount.

10.Paul always ………..(help) if there ………..(be) an emergency.

11.If he ………..(see) a spider, he ………..(scream).

12.I ……….. (stay) inside if the temperature ………..(fall) below –25°C. I just don’t go out.

13.You ………..(feel) much better tomorrow if you ………..(stay) at home today.

14.………..you ………..(accept) a diamond ring if he ………..(offer) it to you? I wouldn’t!

15.We ………..(may/win) the match, if Beckham ……….. (play) from the beginning!

16.We ………..(can/finish) that cup of coffee, if you ………..(not/insist) on us being here five minutes early.

17.If cholera ……….. (be/diagnosed) earlier, his life ……….. (can/be saved).

18.I ……….. (get) indigestion, if I ………..(eat) too quickly.

19.If I ………..(go) on a diet and ……….. (lose) some weight, I invariably ……….. (put) it back on again afterwards.

20.If she ………..(stay) up late, she always ……….. (oversleep) the next day.

21.If you ………..(not/be) sure about the meaning, ………..(use) your dictionary to look up any unknown words.

22.If we ……….. (hurry), we ………..(get) the 12 o' clock train.

23.It’s quite simple. If he ………..(take) the antibiotics, he ………..(get) better. If he

………..(not/take) them, he ……….. (not/get) better quickly.

24.If they ……….. (win) the lottery, they ………..(donate) all the money to good causes.

25.If we ………..(stop) advertising our products, nobody ………..(buy) them.'

26.If I ………..(have) longer holidays in the winter, I ………..(go) to places like South Africa or South America.

27.If I ………..(know) how to reach her, I ……….. (contact) her straightaway. Could you help me find her mobile number or e-mail address?

28.What ………..we ……….. (do) if I ………..(be/made) redundant and ………..(have) no work?

29.You ………..(not/want) to swim in the sea, if there ……….. (be) jellyfish around.

30.If the ice ………..(crack), you would ………..(disappear) into the icy water and would

………..(not/be) here to tell us about it.

31.If you ………..(slip), you ………..(fall) right down the cliff. You are a lucky man you are alive!

32.What ……..you ………..(do), if you ………..(miss) the flight? How forgetful you are! 33.If I ………..(have) enough money, I ………..(buy) a Porsche.

34.If you ………..(cool) the liquid to 32 degrees, it ………..(freeze). 35.If it ………..(rain), the match ………..(be) cancelled.

36.It serves you right! If you ………..(not/ignore) my advice, you ………..(not/get) into trouble.

EXERCISE № 334. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

5) Abraham Lincoln was shot down in the 5) Where was Abraham Lincoln shot down? theatre. (Where?)

6) The problem is still being discussed. (Why?) 6) Why is the problem being discussed?

7)The newspapers are delivered regularly. (How 7) How often are the newspapers delivered? often?)

8)The project paper will be finished soon. (How 8) How soon will the project paper be finished? soon?)

9) “Guernica” was painted by Picasso. (Who?) 9) Who was “Guernica” painted by?

10)He has been seen here several times. (How 10) How many times has he been seen here? many times?)

11)The applicants will be interviewed in Room 11) Where will the applicants be interviewed? 21. (Where?)

EXERCISE № 337. Rewrite the questions in the passive, then answer them.

Prompts: Shakespeare, Bell, Edison, Columbus, da Vinci, Curie, Mozart. Who composed the Marriage of Figaro?

1)Who discovered America?

2)Who wrote Much Ado about Nothing?

3)Who invented the telephone?

4)Who painted the Mona Lisa?

5)Who discovered radium?

6)Who invented the light bulb?

EXERCISE № 338. Change the tense forms of the verbs using different adverbial modifiers.

EXERCISE № 339. Read the following item from the BBC news and rewrite it in the passive.

Civilians injured 'by US forces'

In eastern Afghanistan American forces have injured six people, including a mother and her newborn baby. Both the incidents took place in Khost province. Reportedly, they also injured a six- year-old boy in one of the incidents. The reports come as President Hamid Karzai has ordered a probe into the killing of seven civilians by coalition forces over the weekend. The US military has also launched an investigation into the deaths.

The mother was travelling home from a clinic with her newborn baby after midnight in the Yaqubi district of Khost in the east of Afghanistan when US forces fired upon them, a family member told the BBC.

Then in Khost city a few hours later, a US patrol shot at another car and wounded a young man and a six-year-old boy.

The provincial police chief said he was investigating both reports. Reportedly, someone killed the civilians in "friendly fire" incidents during fighting against militants.

EXERCISE № 340. Use get/got + Participle II where possible.

1) What kept you? - I ___ (stick) in a traffic jam. 2) She was quite friendly at first, then she ___

(promote) and now she doesn't care any more. 3) He ___ (believe) to be over 90. 4) You ___ (ask) to help, not to criticize. 5) The dog ___ (run over) by a bus. 6) The pie __ (burn) while she was talking on the phone. 7) He was an expert in this field and his opinion ___ greatly (respect). 8) There is no jam left. I think it __ (eat) by the children. 9) We were surprised that she __ (invite). 10) She couldn't __ (invite) to this house no matter how hard she tried.

EXERCISE № 341. Fill in the gaps and answer the questions.

1)What news is being much spoken __ ?

2)Can your parents be objected __ ?

3)What should be agreed __ before a discussion?

4)What on-line resource is often referred __ ? Can it be relied __ ?

5)Are younger or elder children often found fault __ in the family?

6)Is Wikipedia often made use __ ?

7)What things can never be laughed __ ?

8)What contagious diseases have been done away __ ?

9)Are old things easily disposed __ ? Why/Why not?

10)What do you feel when your mistakes are being commented __ ?

11)What boring domestic chores should be put __ __?

12)Have your plans ever been interfered __ ?

13)What issues were dwelt __ at yesterday's lecture?

EXERCISE № 342. Use by or with.

1) This dress was designed __ Stella McCartney. 2) He was murdered __ a knife. 3) The Conference was organized __ our Faculty. 4) The air was filled __ the sound of laughter. 5) The house was badly damaged __ the fire. 6) The room was decorated ___ banners. 7) The bottle was opened ___ a screw-driver. 8) The cake was baked ___ the children. 9) They had been caught ___ the war. 10) The war was followed __ the revolution. 11) Mary was awakened ___ the telephone ringing. 12) The door was locked __ the other key. 13) From where I stood the house was hidden ___ lime trees.

EXERCISE № 343. Mary is a student. A big English contest is being organized. It will be held next Friday. She is responsible for a number of things. Look at her diary and say what has been done, what will be done, what is being done and what will have been done by Friday.

EXERCISE № 344. Find mistakes if any and correct them.

1)He was explained the rules to.

2)The house has been belonged to my aunt.

3)This book is well-read.

4)The word 'stupid' wasn't referred to you.

5)His book is often referred to.

6)Has the doctor been sent?

7)Yesterday a new shop was open in this street.

8)The letter was written with a pencil.

9)He is told to have come on Monday.

10)If you are not careful with this hammer you shall get hurt in a minute.

11)Identity badges must be worn by all visitors.

12)We discovered that the money had been disappeared.

EXERCISE № 345. Use the correct tense active or passive..

A. Here is the local news for Friday, February 14th. Last night in Cowford many trees (1) were blown (blow) down in the storm. One tree (2) fell (fall) across the main road into Cowford. It (3)

____(take) away by the fire service during the night. Heavy rain also (4) ____(cause) problems on the roads. Some roads (5) ____ (cover) by half a metre of water. Many motorists (6) ____ (leave) their cars and (7) _____(walk) home. Now over to our reporter, Carol Black. Carol, what's happening?

Well, the situation this morning is better, and nearly back to normal. The last few cars (8) _____

(remove) by the emergency services at the moment. And I can see the telephone engineers at work. The broken lines (9) _____ (repair). The traffic (10) ______ now (move) in and out of the town along the main roads.

Thank you Carol. And now one piece of good news.

Yesterday evening, a black BMW (11) _____ (steal) from outside the home of Mr John Simpson. Mr Simpson (12) ______ (telephone) the police. Later that evening, the car (13) ______ (see) in the High Street by Mr Simpson's wife,Laura. It was outside the Red Lion Hotel. The keys were in the car, so she (14) _____(drive) it home! The police (15) _____ (look) for a careless thief.

B. Ten children are in hospital after their school bus crashed into a van in Bristol this afternoon. Both the van and the bus (1) were badly damaged (damage). A spokeswoman for the local

small local company, was taking the children for their regular swimming lesson. A spokesman for

Bristol City Council, which awarded the contract to the company, says a full investigation (6)

____(carry out). Police said the road (7) _____(close) for several hours until the bus (8)

____(remove).

C. Last night an American tourist (1) was found (find) unconscious in front of Westminster Abbey. He (2) _____ (take) to hospital but the doctors (3) _____(be) unable so far to detect the cause of his condition. Apparently, he (4) _____ (not attack) or (5) _____(mug). He (6) _____(not drink) either. He (7) _____ (regain) consciousness this morning and (8)_____ (question) now about the incident. His condition (9)_____ (describe) as good and he (10) _____(not suffer) from any pain or discomfort. He (11) _____ (visit) by the American Consul later today, who wants to know whether he (12) _____ (treat) properly.

EXERCISE № 346. Translate the sentences:

9)Он сказал, что ему посоветовали 9) He said he had been advised to consult the