2011 rhb final revised 02-11-2011

(a)AT MY COMMAND, FIRE. Remains in effect until observer orders CANCEL AT MY COMMAND.

(b)CANNOT OBSERVE. Observer cannot see the target.

(c)TIME ON TARGET. Observer tells FDC when he wants the rounds to impact.

(d)CONTINUOUS ILLUMINATION. If this was not already calculated by the FDC, the

observer indicates interval between rounds in seconds.

(e)COORDINATED ILLUMINATION. Observer tells FDC to set interval between ILLUM and HE shells.

(f)CEASE LOADING.

(g)CHECK FIRING. Halt immediately.

(h)CONTINUOUS FIRE. Load and fire as fast as possible.

(i)REPEAT. Fire another round(s), with or without adjustments.

h. Correction of Errors. When FDC has made an error when reading back he fire support data, the

observer announces “CORRECTION” and transmits the correct data in its entirety.

i.Message to Observer.

(1)Battery(ies) to fire for effect.

(2)Adjustment of battery.

(3)Changes to the initial call for fire.

(4)Number of rounds (per tube) to be fired for effect.

(5)Target numbers.

(6)Additional information:

(a)Time of flight. Moving target mission.

(b)Probable error in range. 38 meters or greater (normal mission).

(c)Angle “T.” 500 mils or greater. j. Authentication. Challenge and reply.

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Table 3-5. EXAMPLE CALL FOR FIRE TRANSMISSIONS

3-8. CLOSE AIR SUPPORT. The two types of close air support requests are planned and immediate. Planned requests are processed by the Army chain to Corps for approval. Immediate requests are initiated at any level and processed by the battalion S-3, FSO, and Air Liaison Officer.

a.Format for Requesting Immediate CAS. (Figure 3-4)

(1)Observer identification.

(2)Warning order (request close air).

(3)Target description. This must include, as a minimum, type and number of targets, activity or movement, and point or area targets.

(4)Target location (grid) should include elevation.

(5)Desired time on target (TOT).

(6)Desired effects on target.

(7)Final control.

(8)Remarks.

(a)Friendly locations.

(b)Wind direction, hazards.

(c)Threats such as ADA, small arms.

Figure 3-4. EXAMPLE CAS REQUEST

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b. Close Air Support Capabilities. (Table 3-6)

3-9. CLOSE COMBAT ATTACK AVIATION. Close combat attack (CCA) is defined as a hasty or deliberate attack in support of units engaged in close combat. During CCA, armed helicopters engage enemy units with direct fire that impacts nearby friendly forces. Targets may range from a few hundred meters to a few thousand meters. Close combat attack is coordinated and direct ed by a team, platoon, or company-level ground unit soldiers using standardized CCA procedures in unit SOPs.

a. Aircraft Capabilities and Limitations.

(1)AH 64D (Apache).

(a)Capabilities.

•Air speed (knots): 164 max, 120 cruise combat radius: 200 km

•30 mm chain gun: 1,200 rds, 3,500 m range

•2.75 inch rockets: 19 per pod (76), 3 to 5 km range

•Hellfire missile: 8 per side (16), 5 to 8 km range

•Mobility: AO can cover corps or division area

•Versatility: scout weapons teams vs. pure attack APACHE

•Lethality: Attack battalion can engage 288 targets

•Video reconnaissance: Provide near real-time intelligence

(b)Limitations. Threat ID with FLIR, low ceilings (clouds) less than 500 feet AGL degrade hellfire capability, combat service support consumes large amounts of Classes III, V, and IX• Speed: 100 to 120 knots day/80 to 100 knots night

•Air speed (knots): 125 max, 100 cruise combat radius: 120 km

•.50 cal MG: 500 rds, 2,000 m range

•2.75 inch rockets: 7 per pod (14), 3 to 5 km range

•Hellfire: 2 per side (4), 5 to 8 km range

•Stinger: 2 per side (4), 4 km range

(b)Capabilities.

•Mast mounted sight

•Ability to designate targets while remaining masked

•Thermal imaging system (day/ night)

•Laser designator/ aim laser

•Video image crosslink (VIXL)

•Moving map display

•Video

(c)Limitations. Power limited, infrared crossover, battlefield obscurants, low ceilings (Hellfire), remote designation constraints, instrument meteorological conditions

b.CCA Call for Fire Format.

(1)IP/ BP/ ABF or friendly location_________

•Grid/ Lat Long

(2)Known point

•Terrain feature

(3)HDG to TGT _________ (mag)

•Specify from IP/ BP/ ABF or friendly location

(4)DST to TGT __________ (m) (Specify from IP/ BP/ ABF or friendly location.)

(5)TGT elevation_________ (ft msl)

(6)TGT Description _________________

(7)TGT location _____________

•Grid

•Known point

•Terrain Feature

(8)Type TGT Mark __________ (day/ night)

(9)Location of friendly __________

•Omit if previously given

•Grid/ Lat Long

•Known point

•Terrain feature

(10)Egress direction___________

•Cardinal, to avoid overflying threats

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Chapter 4

COMMUNICATIONS

The basic requirement of combat communications is to provide rapid, reliable, and secure interchange of information. Communications are vital to mission success. This chapter helps the Ranger squad/ platoon maintain effective communications a nd correct any radio antenna problems.

Section I. EQUIPMENT

This section discusses military radio communications equipment and automated net control devices (ANCDs).

4-1. MILITARY RADIOS. Each military radio has a receiver and transmitter. Rangers use several different types of radios (Table 4-1), with various features. Knowing what each radio has and can be crucial in planning and requesting the most reliable and effective communications equipment for a particular mission. Military operations use five primary frequency ranges ( Table 4-2).

Table 4-1. MILITARY RADIOS

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