III. Переведите слова в таблице, которые образованы от глагола to produce и заполните ими пропуски в предложениях.

e	r
t	iv(e)	ity
	ion

produc

1. The company … a new commodity every year.

2. The company’s newest … is a special blue soap powder.

3. The … of soap powders met last year to discuss prices.

4. That factory is not as … now as it was 5 years ago.

5. The … of that factory has gone down over the last 5 years.

6. The manager of the factory has decided that they must increase their … of packets of soap powder.

IV. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Если хозяйство плановое, то работа промышленности подчиняется плану, в котором государство определяет производственные задачи и планирует развитие на 5 лет вперед.

2. В плановой экономике покупатели лишены возможности влиять на производство товаров.

3. Поскольку значительная доля полученной прибыли должна быть выплачена государству, то в условиях плановой экономики стимулы работать эффективно невелики.

4. Все крупные решения принимаются центральным плановым органом.

V. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is an economic system?

2. What does a standard of living depend on?

3. What is a planned economy?

4. Give the advantages of a planned economy.

5. Give the disadvantages of a planned economy.

Урок IV

I. Прочитайте и изучите слова и выражения, данные ниже:

tointervene– вмешиваться

privateenterprise– частное предпринимательство

private ownership of the means of production – частная собственность на средства производства

private supplies of capital – частный капитал

surplus income available for investment is new business activities – дополнительный доход, который можно вложить в новое дело

a cornerstone – краеугольный камень

to alter swiftly – быстро меняться

working conditions – условия работы

safety standards – нормы техники безопасности

large-scale intervention – широкомасштабное вмешательство

topasslaws– принимать законы

togainsufficientsales– добиться достаточного объема продаж

rival firms – фирмы-конкуренты, соперники

to have confidence – иметь уверенность

to lack confidence – не хватать уверенности

II. Прочитайте текст. Подготовьте пересказ текста. «Market economics». Text IV

In a market economy the government plays no role in the management of the economy, the government, does not intervene in it. The system is based on private enterprise with private ownership of the means of production and private supplies of capital, which can be defined as surplus income available for investment in new business activities.

In a market economy consumers decide what is to be produced. Consumers will be willing to pay high prices for products they particularly desire. Firms see the opportunity of increased profits and produce the new fashionable and favoured products.

A cornerstone of the market system is that production alters swiftly to meet changing demands. In a market economy there might be minimal control on working conditions and safety standards concerning products and services. It is necessary to have large – scale government intervention to pass laws to protect consumers and workers.

Some firms produce goods and then advertise heavily to gain sufficient sales. Rival firms, providing rail services, for example, could mean that two or more systems of rail are laid.

Firms have to have confidence in future sales if they are to produce new goods and services. At certain times they tend to lack confidence and cut back on production and the development of new ideas.

This decision can lead to a recession. A recession means less spending, fewer jobs and a decline in the prosperity of the nation.