59-1

The operations in ________________ that involve the movement of products from the forest are the most costly, because green products are heavy and the application of animal or mechanical power is necessary.

а) timber harvesting

b)testing on helicopters

c)load carrying capacity

d)herbicide treatment

Задание 3. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

In processing, the tree ____________ logs by removing the limbs (delimbing) and

cutting it into logs of optimal length (bucking).

Задание 4. Дополните микродиалог

What about the Draft Contract? – _________________________.

а) We are going to talk about the offer. c) I’ll certainly be there.

b) Oh, I have not finished it yet. d) That sounds fine.

Задание 5. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

London and many other British cities and towns still have some traditional ________

(= buses with two floors).

Задание 6. Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

1) 2) 3) 4)

a)

Encl. 5 pages

b)

If you have any suggestions about the themes, please do not hesitate to

contact us and we will try to make all the necessary rearrangements. Yours faithfully,

Ms. Gillian Jones

Personnel Manager

c)

Dear Mr. Green,

Re: Training program of 10-20 July, 2015

Thank you for your letter of 1 June and the list of the Participants of the Program.

In accordance with your request, we are sending you the list of the lecturers and the themes they will cover in the lectures.

d)

Your ref: JG/BC/3

Our ref: 32/78 date: 23 April, 2015

Mr. James Green

Sales Manager BBB plc 55, Old St.

London

E6 6HG

МОДУЛЬ II

ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗАНЯТИЕ № 1

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Определите, какая часть текста (1, 2, 3)

содержит следующую информацию

а) Different types of tourism

b)Is ecotourism successful?

c)Caring for nature

1)The future productivity of our forests depends on careful selection of tree seed sources to match the local soil and climatic conditions off each forest. The objective is to select species and seed sources which will yield high volumes of timber and superior tree form while maintaining wood properties and disease resistance. Forestry makes an important contribution to a productive and flourishing countryside and rural welfare. Forest and woodland have the special capacity to provide recreation benefits and absorb the pressures of large numbers of visitors. Public recreation must be a part of forest management.

Silviculture is the art of reproducing and tending forest growth, it includes the technique of starting new forests and caring for them through all stages to maturity. Regeneration of woods may be accomplished by creating conditions for establishing new stands either by natural seeding or by a new crop of tree sprouts; again, new woodlands may be established by planting small trees grown in forest nurseries. As stands develop, numerous types of cultural measures are desirables, cutting made in immature stands are termed intermediate cutting; these made in the mature woods are called final cuttings.

The treatment of a wood that is managed for the production of useful wood products varies considerably from the treatment where the aim is one of encouraging of wildlife or of protecting human habitations from climatic extremes. But it is easily possible in any woods to meet all objectives by a well-coordinated plan of silvicultural treatment. The application of silvicultural treatment demands a knowledge of the many environmental factors that influence the growth of species, an understanding of the ways in which trees live and grow in association of the worth of the individual species that are adaptable to local conditions.

2) Today the modern tourism is one of the largest industries of the world that employs 127 million people: each fifteenth of all the working people in the world. Second, it is a leading taxpayer. Moreover, at last, it is the most quickly developed world industry. These are the advantages and positive moments of the world tourism. However, it is harmful towards the environment developing so intensively. However, it is often considered, that economical problems must be paid attention after ecological ones. If we do not change the situation, tourism can disappear.

Tourism is the business of providing things for people to do, places for them to stay when they are on holidays. There are different types of tourism nowadays: medical, recreational, religious, business, ecological etc. Ecological tourism is what we are interested in. This is a new type of tourism; it is opposite to the old, traditional one.

What is the difference between traditional tourism and ecotourism? Tourists can enjoy the nature but save the earth at the same time. Or so goes the theory of

«ecotourism». Ecotourism was based on the realization that some people (usually poor

Africans, Asians, and Latin Americans) live in places surrounded by precious living things. In addition, other people – well off and rich Americans and Europeans – want to see them and preserve.

3) The idea was to enable people in the developing world to earn money by preserving nature rather than using nature up; it is simple – people put down their guns and harpoons and take up laundry and food trays. Where does ecotourism work? Is the idea successful? It is successful in the whale-watching waters of Baja, California, and

Argentina’s Peninsula Valdes. Hundreds of gray whales migrate into the warm lagoons even in winter to breed. Before the 1980s, anglers and whale-hunters turned the waters into dead zones.

Local environmentalists proclaimed the idea of ecotourism. Now we can compare: in the mid 1980s whale watching was modest business with 5 mln, today it is a 500 million tourist industry with the tourists from 65 countries. Costa Rica embraced ecotourism early and created an ecotourism institute and a faculty of ecotourism at its Latin American University of Science and Technology. The industry brings in almost 500 million dollars a year, second after banana export.

Sometimes ecotourism is beset by eco-troubles. For example, tourists come to

Mexico’s Pacific coast to watch green sea turtles on moonlit beaches. However, the beachfront hotels cast such bright light that turtles become disoriented. Whale-watching services frighten the whales and they dive underwater. As you understand, it is dangerous for the people in the boats. In Australia, they organize dolphin expeditions. Very often feeding reduces the ability of young dolphins to find their own food.

Of course, the above-mentioned facts can be considered as disadvantages of ecotourism. For the goals a visiting management is used, it controls time of trip, types of the visit as well as the maximum number of visitors to a region. Even if whales are frightened by tourist boats and turtles cannot eat in peace, the living creatures are now better than when people hunted them to kill. Of two evils, choose the least.

Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

The marketing of _______________ is the final step in the cycle producing and utilizing tree growth.

а) woodland products b) logging methods

Задание 3. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

Managers ____________ on this information to sell and promote their woodland

Задание 4. Дополните микродиалог

I am calling about GT/152A contract on loading operations. – ____________.

а) Do you want me to pick them up?

b)Oh yes, how is it coming along?

c)That would be fine.

d)Right, see you soon.

Задание 5. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

Londoners call their underground train network «___________».

ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗАНЯТИЕ № 2

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Определите основную идею текста а) Wood-processing industry

b)The detailed treatment of one aspect of economic behavior

c)Planting a tree

d)Moving the products from the forest

A properly planted and maintained tree will grow much faster and live much longer than one that is planted incorrectly. Trees can be planted almost any time of the year as long as the soil is not frozen. However, early autumn is the optimum time to plant trees. The roots grow some during the first fall and winter and when sprig comes, the tree is ready to grow. Your second choice for planting is early spring. Hot summer weather is hard on newly planted trees.

General planting instructions:

Dig a hole twice as wide as, and slightly shallower than, the root ball. Roughen the sides and bottom of the hole with a pick or shovel so that roots can penetrate the soil.

With a potted tree, gently remove the tree from the container. Lay the tree on its side with the container end near the planting hole. Hit the bottom and sides of the container until the root ball is loosened. With trees wrapped in plastic or burlap, remove the string or wire that holds the wrapping to the root crown. Remove the wrapping if in plastic; burlap may be left in place.

Gently separate circling roots on the root ball. Shorten exceptionally long roots, and guide the shortened roots downward and outward. Root tips die quickly when exposed to light and air, so don’t waste time.

Place the root ball in the hole. Leave the top of the root ball (where the roots end and the trunk begins) ½ to 1 inch above the surrounding soil, making sure not to

cover it unless roots are exposed. As you ad soil to fill in around the tree, lightly tamp the soil to collapse air pockets, or add water to help settle the soil.

Form a temporary water basin around the base of the tree to encourage water penetration, and water thoroughly after planting. A tree with a dry root ball cannot absorb water; if the root ball is extremely dry; allow water to trickle into the soil by placing the hose at the trunk of the tree.

Mulch the tree around.

For the first year or two, especially after a week or so of especially hot or dry weather, watch your trees closely for signs of moisture stress. If you see leaf wilting or hard, caked soil, water the trees well and slowly enough so the water soaks in rather than runs off. This will encourage deep root growth. Keep the area under the trees mulched and free of other plants. Until the trees are deeply rooted grasses and other plants may take up moisture before the trees can get their share.

In selecting a tree species or cultivar, our goal should be to have a tree that is well matched to the planting site so that it survives and thrives. The tree must also achieve the goals for size, shape, function, and appearance and must be affordable. Unfortunately, people usually only pay attention to visually obvious characteristics like flower color, presence or lack of fruit, and crown shape and size. Such characteristics may be important, but usually they have little to do with whether the tree will do well on its planting site.

Lack of knowledge of a tree’s site-related needs results in disappointed tree owners and a lack of well adapted trees in our landscapes. A tree’s site-related needs and its ability to withstand environmental extremes are rooted in its native origins. All landscape tree species and cultivars were once native to a certain climatic or geographic region or have been bred from native trees. These native trees were well adapted to their surroundings and these adaptations usually have carried over into the cultivated trees we see (with the exception of some species like fruit trees that have undergone intensive breeding).

For example, though a white fir at a nursery may have grown in a nursery bed in bright sunlight, it still has its native characteristic of shade tolerance that allows it to

seed-in under the shade of a forest canopy. Cottonwoods are native to bare river fluid plains which helps explain their preference for moist soils and high light conditions. So, it is important to remember that trees have specific site requirements that vary between species and cultivars. Matching your site conditions to a tree that you like is the key to tree selection.

These are the factors that should be paid special attention – soil conditions, cold, heat and shade tolerance, water requirements, pest resistance, growth rate, crown size, form, rooting area or volume, longevity, ornamental characteristics, utility locations.

Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант словосочетания

A significant and growing part of this __________ is transmitted to Japan via China, where the logs are processed and significantly increase in value.

Задание 3. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

The introduction of fully mechanized logging methods ________ both advantages and disadvantages for transport and delivery operations.

а) had b) is having c) has d) have had

Задание 4. Дополните микродиалог

I would like to meet you to discuss your needs in further detail. –

___________________.

а) I would like to see it.

b)I am sorry, but I will not be available next week.

c)Oh yes, how is it coming along?

d)So, would I.

Задание 5. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

The highest managerial organ of a British Stock Company is the Assembly of shareholders, which elects the __________________.