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SECTION 12

1. Learn the words and word combinations:

2. Read and translate the text:

SAFETY RULES

To drive safely, you must follow many rules and laws. They tell where and when you can drive. To follow these rules, you must know what traffic lights and signs mean. You must understand «right-of-way» laws and how to use traffic lanes. You must know where and when you can park. Traffic lights, sings, and «right-of-way» rules tell you when to go or stop at intersections. These are what the colors of traffic lights mean:

Red – A red signal light means «STOP».

Red Arrow – A red arrow means: «STOP» until the green signal or green arrow appears. A turn may not be made against a red arrow.

Flashing Red – A flashing red signal light means exactly the same as a stop sign: namely, «STOP»! After stopping, proceed when safe, observing the «right-of-way» rules.

Yellow – A yellow signal light warns you that the red signal is about to appear: When you see the yellow light, you should stop, if you can do so safely. If you can't stop, look out for vehicles that may enter the intersection when the light changes.

Flashing Yellow – A flashing yellow signal light warns you to be careful. Slow down and be especially alert.

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Yellow Arrow – A yellow arrow means the «protected» turning time period is ending. Be prepared to obey the next signal, which could be the green or red light or the red arrow.

Green – A green light means «GO», but first you must let any vehicles, bicycles, or pedestrians remaining in the intersection when your signal changes to green, get through before you move ahead. Make the left turn only if you have enough space to complete the turn before any oncoming vehicle becomes a hazard. Do not enter an intersection, even when the light is green, unless there is enough space to cross completely before the light turns red.

Green Arrow – A green arrow means «GO». Turn in the direction the arrow is pointing. First, you must yield to any vehicle still in the intersection. The green arrow pointing right or left allows you to make a «protected» turn. A red light stops this means oncoming vehicles as long as the green arrow is lighted.

Traffic Signal Blackout – If all traffic signal lights are not working because of an electrical power failure, you must stop at the intersection and then proceed when you know other turning and approaching vehicles will also be stopping. A blackout traffic signal is the same as a stop sign controlled intersection in all directions.

Right-of-way rules help people drive safely. These rules go along with courtesy and common sense. Bicycle, moped riders, and pedestrians must follow these rules, too. Never insist on taking the right-of-way. If another driver does not yield to you when he or she should, forget it. Let the other driver go first. You will help prevent accidents and make driving more pleasant. However, do not always insist on others going ahead of you. If another vehicle expects you to take your legal turn, you may delay traffic by stopping or slowing unnecessarily to allow another vehicle to go ahead of you.

Pedestrians. A pedestrian is a person on foot or using a conveyance propelled by human power (roller skates, skateboards, etc.) other than a bicycle. The definition of pedestrian includes persons who are disabled and use self-propelled wheelchairs because they are not able to move about as a pedestrian. These individuals must be given the same rights as any other pedestrian.

•Always, stop for any pedestrian crossing at corners or other crosswalks. Do not pass a car from behind that has stopped at a crosswalk. A pedestrian you cannot see may be crossing.

•You must stop for any person using a guide dog or a white cane with a red tip.

Only blind, or nearly blind, persons are allowed to use these canes or guide dogs and they must be given the right-of-way at all times whether in or out of a crosswalk.

•Remember – just because you make eye contact with a pedestrian does not mean that the pedestrian will yield the right-of-way to you.

Other Vehicles.

•At an intersection without STOP or YIELD signs, slow down and be ready to stop. Yield to vehicles already in the intersection or just entering it. Also, yield to the car, which arrives first, or to the car on your right if it reaches the intersection at the same time as your car.

•When there are STOP signs at all corners, stop first; then follow the above rules.

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• When you turn left give the right-of-way to all vehicles on the same road coming from the opposite direction, close enough to be dangerous. Turn only when you can see that it is safe. Look for motorcyclists and bicyclists.

On divided highways, or highways with several lanes, watch out for cars coming in any lane you must cross. When you have parked off the road, before you enter the road again, you must yield to traffic.

3. Continue the sentences:

1.To drive safely,…

2.To follow these rules,…

3.You must understand…

4.You must know…

5.Right-of-way rules help…

6.A pedestrian is…

7.The definition of pedestrian includes…

8.You must stop for…

9.When you turn left…

10.Turn only when…

4. Acquaint yourself with the given information and make a presentation of your research:

Easy Organization / Как просто организовать свою речь

1.The Introduction. You should state plainly what you are going to talk about and the order you will follow.

2.The Body. This is the main part of your talk and should be divided up into ideas and examples or explanations. Idea 1 (plus example or explanation). Ideas 2, 3, 4, and so on (with examples or explanations, if appropriate).

3.The Conclusion. This is your summary and conclusion. You may refer to the points or ideas you discussed, or summarize with a new idea or opinion.

The Language of Presentations / Язык презентации

Чтобы организовать информацию, необходим минимальный «организующий» словарь. Есть категория слов, называемых connectors, которые связывают предложения и идеи. Приведем здесь простейшие выражения, с помощью которых можно это сделать.

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Библиографический список

Основная литература

1. Кузьменкова Ю. Б. Английский язык + аудиозаписи в ЭБС [Электронный ресурс]: рек. УМО высшего образования в качестве учебника для студентов высшего образования / Ю. Б. Кузьменкова. — М. : Издательство Юрайт, 2018. — 441 с. . - ЭБС "Юрайт".

Дополнительная литература

1. Маклакова Е. А. Иностранный язык. Английский язык [Электронный ресурс] : методические указания для самостоятельной работы студентов по специальности 23.05.01 – Наземные транспортно-технологические средства / Е. А. Маклакова, А. А. Илунина; ВГЛТУ. - Воронеж, 2019. - 48 с. - ЭБС ВГЛТУ.

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МАКЛАКОВА ЕЛЕНА АЛЬБЕРТОВНА,

ИЛУНИНА АННА АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ К ПРАКТИЧЕСКИМ ЗАНЯТИЯМ

ПО НАПРАВЛЕНИЮ ПОДГОТОВКИ 23.05.01 НАЗЕМНЫЕ ТРАНСПОРТНОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА

(УРОВЕНЬ СПЕЦИАЛИТЕТА)

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