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If you are driving slower than other traffic, do not drive in the «fast» lane. If you are in the left (or fast) lane, move to the right when another driver is close behind you and wishes to drive faster.

•Always drive more carefully near schools, play grounds, and parks because children may suddenly dart into the street. Sometimes lower speed limit signs are placed near schools, so look for them.

•Blind intersections are intersections where you cannot see for 100 feet (30 m) in either direction during the last 100 feet before crossing. Trees, bushes, buildings, or parked cars at intersections can block your view of cars coming from the side. You need to approach a «blind» intersection slowly enough to be able to stop if a vehicle pulls out suddenly.

•The speed limit is 15 mph (25 km/h) when you come within 100 feet of a railroad crossing. You may go faster than 15 mph if gates, a warning signal, or a flagman controls the crossing.

•If you see animals or livestock, slow down. Obey the person in charge of the animals. If you see a stray animal in your path, slow down or stop, if it is safe to do so. If you are driving a slow-moving vehicle on a two-lane highway or road where passing is unsafe, and five or more vehicles are following you, pull to the road wherever you can safely do so to let the vehicles pass.

When another driver makes a mistake, you need time to react. You can give yourself this time by keeping enough space between your car and the vehicles around you. Keep a «space cushion» on all sides of your car. It will give you space to brake or maneuver if you need it.

Many drivers do not see as well as they should because they follow too closely, and the vehicle ahead blocks their view of the road. Good drivers keep a safe following distance so they can see well. The more space they allow between their car and the car ahead, the more time they will have to see a hazard or accident down the road. Keep enough space between your car and the car ahead so that you will have «a bigger picture» of what lies down the road and steering to avoid trouble will be easier. You can travel in the center of the lane instead of hugging one side or the other to let you see ahead.

When you follow too closely and another driver «cuts» in front of you, the normal reaction is to slam on your brakes and swerve out of the way. Swerving out of way most often results in cutting someone else off or possibly driving off the road way. It might also result in the car behind you crashing into you or other cars around you. If another driver «cuts» in front of you, it would be better if you just take your foot off the gas. Do not overreact if you are cut off. Plan your emergency escape route before an emergency happens.

Keep a space cushion on each side of your car. Do not drive in the blind spot of another driver. The other driver may not see your car and could change lanes and hit you. If possible, make room for vehicles entering freeways even though you have the right-of-way.

Keep a space between yourself and parked cars. Someone may step out from between them. A car door may open. A car may start to pull out suddenly. Be careful when riding near bicycles. A bicycle rider could be seriously hurt in an accident.

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Always leave plenty of room between your car and bicycle. Watch for tailgaters! If one is following you, be careful!

Brake slowly before stopping. Tap your brake lightly a few times to warn the tailgater before you slow down. Your brake lights will flash. «Lose» the tailgater as soon as you can by changing lanes. If you cannot change lanes, slow down enough to encourage the tailgater to go around you. If this does not work, pull off the road when it is safe and let the tailgater pass. Sometimes there will be dangers on both sides of the road. Give the most room to the worst danger if one danger is greater then the other.

3. Continue the sentences:

1.You must never drive faster than…

2.All speed limits are…

3.High speed increases…

4.The faster you go…

5.If you are driving slower…

6.If you are in the left (or fast) lane…

7.You need to approach a «blind» intersection…

8.If you are driving a slow-moving vehicle…

9.When another driver makes a mistake…

10.Many drivers do not see…

11.When you follow too closely…

12.If another driver «cuts» in front of you…

13.If possible, make room for…

14.If you cannot change lanes…

15.Sometimes there will be dangers on…

4.Put ten alternative questions to the text and give answers to them.

5.Write the summary of the text in English.

6.Choose the right variants:

A) Another trend is the replacement of physical knob and switches for secondary

B) ________________a lot of state licensed professional driving schools where you may take driver education (classroom training) and driver training (behind the wheel) in.

a)There are

b)It should be noted that

c)It takes some hours to

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d)It is important to note that

C)What began its life as a Roman fortification at a place where it was possible to cross the River Thames?

7. Complete the dialogue:

A.– This is Alfredo Santini from the Italian Consulate calling. _______________.

B.– I am afraid he is out to lunch. Would you like to call back later?

A.– I would like to leave a message, if you do not mind.

a)Could I please speak with Tom Brown?

b)How can I help you?

c)Would you spell your name, please?

d)Wait a bit, please, the line is busy.

NATIONAL INSTITUTION OF RETIRED PERSONS

May 13, 2016

Mr. John Clark

Attorney-at-Law

200 Center Str.

Freeport,

Vermont 66521

Dear Mr. Clark

I would like to thank you on behalf of my colleagues for your invitation to visit the seminar in Moscow on June 24-25.

We consider this seminar as the further development of our mutually beneficial relations. We enclose here in our proposals for the agenda of the seminar.

We should be very grateful if you would let us know your opinion at a suitable time.

Yours sincerely, Andrew Polessky President

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SECTION 4

1. Learn the words and word combinations:

WHERE MOTORISTS CAN GET THEIR CAR SERVICED

Automotive garages and repair shops can be divided into following categories:

The auto parts stores or motor factors who also maintain service operations. This is not common in the United Kingdom but more common in the US.

Automobile repair workshops that are independently owned and operated businesses. These may also include regional or national chains and franchises including car dealership sites. In the United States, these sites are commonly certified by their respective manufacturer to perform warranty and recall repairs by that manufacturer or distributor. Independent automobile repair shops in the US may also achieve certification through manufacturer sponsored programs. In the European Union a recent law allows motorists more flexibility in selecting where they can get their car serviced.

Due to this legislation, maintenance and service work does not have to be done by the main dealer as long as the garage uses Original Equipment «Matching Quality» parts, and are recorded as such, and the garage follow the manufacturer's service schedules. The Block Exemption Regulation (BER) covers service and maintenance during the warranty period and prohibits vehicle manufacturers’

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warranties from including conditions that require normal maintenance to be provided within the vehicle manufacturer’s network or that all parts used must be the manufacturer’s original spare parts. This means that motorists benefit from open market competition in aftermarket parts, repairs and services thus reducing the cost of servicing through better labor rates and competitively priced parts.

Specialty automobile repair shops are shops specializing in certain parts such as brakes, mufflers and exhaust systems, transmissions, body parts, tires, automobile electrification, automotive air conditioner repairs, automotive glass repairs and installation, and wheel alignment or those who only work on certain brands of vehicle or vehicles from certain continents of the world. There are also automotive repair shops that specialize in vehicle modifications and customization. Oftentimes, various specialized auto repair shops will have varied infrastructure and facilities (for specific jobs or vehicles), as well as technicians and mechanics with different qualifications.

Online automobile repair shops providing home delivery of new and used auto parts of different late model and classic cars whose parts are not widely available in the market. Such kind of organizations is predominant in US with wide acceptance and high growth in UK also. The developing countries are still adapting to the e- commerce marketplace and it is expected that with its success in the US this will also prove to be revolutionary there also.

Automotive repair shops also offer paintwork repairs to scratches, scuffs and dents to vehicle damage as well as damage caused by collisions and major accidents. Many body shops now offer paintless dent repair, which is done by pushing the dents out from inside.

3.Continue the sentences:

1.This is not common in…

2.These may also include…

3.Independent automobile repair shops…

4.In the European Union…

5.This means that…

6.There are also…

7.Such kind of organizations…

8.The developing countries…

9.Automotive repair shops also offer…

4.Put ten general questions to the text and give short answers to them.

5.Write down the key words of the text.

6.Write а summary of the text in English and present it in a form of a report.

7.Choose the right variants and fill in the gaps:

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А) Agricultural _______________designed to be towed by farm tractors can handle

В) _______________ the other driver may not see your car and could change lanes and hit you.

С) Logging with __________ was common in the Pacific Northwest region in the

1890’s.

8. Fill in the gap in the telephone dialogue choosing the proper reply:

A – Would you mind telling him that I called? When is he expected home? B – _______________________________________.

A – He can reach me at the Grand Hotel, Room 20.

a)Sorry, the line is busy.

b)One moment, please, I am ringing.

c)I am not sure when he will be back. However, I will let him know you called.

d)Would you spell your name, please?

September 11, 2015

Dear Sirs

We recently attended the Software Trade Exhibition in Bath, and were impressed by the range of software available through your company. We are a large chain of business software retailers and are looking for a software house, which could supply us with a range applications programs.

We would be much obliged if you could send us your current catalogue and price list. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully P. Barker

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Purchasing Manager

SECTION 5

1. Learn the words and word combinations:

2. Read and translate the text:

СOSTS AND BENEFITS OF CAR USAGE

A car is a wheeled, self-powered motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.

The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car. In that year, German inventor Karl Benz built the Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars did not become widely available until the early 20th century. One of the first cars that were accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the United States of America, where they

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replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.

Cars are equipped with controls used for driving, parking, passenger comfort and safety and controlling a variety of lights. As of the 2010s, controls have been added to vehicles, making them more complex. Examples include rear reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in

warming. Vehicles using alternative fuels such as ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles and natural gas vehicles are also gaining popularity in some countries. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the automobile, began to become commercially available in 2008.

There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs of car usage include the cost of: acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and auto maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society of car use include: maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health or health care, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Road traffic accidents are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.

The benefits may include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence and convenience. The societal benefits may include: economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from car production, sales and maintenance, transportation provision, society well-being derived from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from the tax opportunities.

The ability for humans to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. It was estimated in 2010 that the number of cars had risen to over 1 billion vehicles, up from the 500 million of 1986. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other NICs.

3. Continue the sentences:

1.Most definitions of the term specify that…

2.Cars were rapidly adopted in…

3.Cars are equipped with…

4.Most cars in use in the 2010s are propelled…

5.Electric cars began to become …

6.The costs of car usage include…

7.Road traffic accidents are…

8.The societal benefits may include…

9.It was estimated…

4.Put ten special questions to the text.

5.Write the summary of the text in English.

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6. Write the words in the sentence in correct order:

1.a motor vehicle, self-powered, а car, is, wheeled.

2.animal-drawn, replaced, they, carriages and carts.

3.cause, air, both, pollution, fuels.

4.are, to car, costs and benefits, use, there.

5.increasing, the, rapidly, are, numbers.

7. Acquaint yourself with the given information and learn the dialogues:

Формула, которая используется, когда вы делаете деловой звонок, выглядит так: a. Your name. – Ваше имя.

b. Your title. – Ваша должность.

c. Your company. – Название вашей фирмы. d. Whom you are calling. – Кому вы звоните. e. The department. – Подразделение.

f. The reason of your call. – Причина звонка.

A Secretary: Acme Manufacturing, may I help you?

Kunstler: Yes, please. This is Otto Kunstler from Swiss Trading Associates calling for Tom Jones.

Secretary: Would you spell your name, please? Kunstler: Yes: it is K-U-N-S-T-L-E-R.

Secretary: Thank you. Do you know which Department Mr. Jones is in? Kunstler: I think he's in Marketing. Could you look it up for me? Secretary: No trouble. Hmm, it looks like he's in Advertising. Kunstler: Thank you. Could you put me through, please?

Secretary: One moment please, I'm ringing Oh, sorry, it looks like he's busy. Would you like to leave a message?

Kunstler: No, thank you. I'll try again later.

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