reported as visual observations of the degree of material removed by rubbing.

4.2.16 Permeability of Refractories, C-577

Although not a corrosion test, C-577 is important in determining the ease of flow of various gases through a material. This test method is designed to determine the unidirectional rate of flow of air or nitrogen through a 2-in. cube of material at room temperature.

4.2.17Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels, C-614

The coatings on washing machines, dishwashers, driers, etc. are tested for their resistance to solution containing 260 g of tetrasodium pyrophosphate dissolved in 4.94 L of distilled water. The loss in weight is determined after exposure for 6 hr at 96°C.

4.2.18Hydration Resistance of Pitch-Bearing Refractory Brick, C-620

Full-sized pitch-containing bricks are placed into a steamhumidity cabinet and tested for 3 hr at 50°C and 98% humidity. The test is repeated for successive 3-hr periods until visually affected. The results are reported as visual observations of hydration and disintegration.

4.2.19Isothermal Corrosion Resistance of Refractories to Molten Glass, C-621

This method compares the corrosion resistance of various refractories to molten glass under static, isothermal conditions. Samples approximately 1/2 in. square by 2 in. long are immersed into molten glass, then heated to a temperature that simulates actual service conditions. The duration of the test should be sufficient to produce a glass-line cut of 20–60% of the original sample thickness. After the test, samples are cut in half

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lengthwise and the width or diameter is measured at the glass line and halfway between the glass line and the bottom of the sample before testing.

4.2.20Corrosion Resistance of Refractories to Molten Glass Using the Basin Furnace, C-622; Withdrawn in 2000

This standard practice determines the corrosion of refractories by molten glass in a furnace constructed of the test blocks with a thermal gradient maintained through the refractory. Because of the cooling effects of the thermal gradient, the duration of this test is 96 hr. Since the glass is not replaced during the test, solution products may modify the results of the test. The depth of the glass-line cut is determined across the sample, and the volume corroded is determined by filling the corroded surface with zircon sand and determining the volume of sand required.

4.2.21Resistance of Ceramic Tile to Chemical Substances, C-650

This method is designed to test plain colored, glazed, or unglazed impervious ceramic tile of at least 4 1/4×4 1/4 in. to the resistance against attack by any chemical substance that may be of interest. The test conditions may be any combination of time and temperature deemed appropriate for the expected service conditions. Hydrochloric acid or potassium hydroxide at 24°C for 24 hr is the recommended exposure. The results are reported as visually affected or not affected, and also the calculated color difference may be reported.

4.2.22Alkali Resistance of

Ceramic Decorations on Returnable Beverage Glass Containers, C-675

Two ring sections cut from each container and representative of the label to be evaluated are placed into the test solution at 88°C of sodium hydroxide, trisodium phosphate, and tap water

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for successive 2-hr intervals. The results are reported as the time required for 90% destruction of the label. A variation of this method conducted at 60°C for 24 hr in a mixture of sodium hydroxide, trisodium phosphate, and distilled water determines the reduction in thickness of the label.

4.2.23Detergent Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Glass Tableware, C-676

In this standard method, glass tableware with ceramic decorations is immersed into a solution of sodium pyrophosphate and distilled water at 60°C for successive 2-hr periods. The samples are then rubbed with a cloth under flowing water, dried, and evaluated as to the degree of loss of gloss up to complete removal of the decoration.

4.2.24Acid Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Architectural Type Glass, C-724

A citric acid solution is placed onto the ceramic decoration of the architectural glass for 15 min at 20°C, and the degree of attack after washing is determined visually.

4.2.25Acid Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Returnable Beer

and Beverage Glass Containers, C-735

Representative containers are immersed into hydrochloric acid solution such that half the decoration is covered for 20 min at 25°C. The results are reported as the visually observed degree of attack.

4.2.26 Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Surfaces, C-738

This standard method determines quantitatively by atomic absorption the amount of lead and cadmium extracted from

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glazed ceramic surfaces when immersed into 4% acetic acid solution at 20–24°C for 24 hr.

4.2.27Drip Slag Testing Refractory Brick at High Temperature, C-768

Test samples of this standard practice are mounted into the wall of a furnace such that their top surface slops down at a 30° angle. Rods of slag are placed through a hole in the furnace wall such that when the slag melts, it will drip and fall 2 in. to the surface of the refractory test piece. Slag is fed continuously to maintain consistent melting and dripping onto the sample. Test temperatures are about 1600°C and the duration of the test is from 2 to 7 hr. The volume of the corroded surface is determined by measuring the amount of sand required to fill the cavity. In addition, the depth of penetration of slag into the refractory is determined by cutting the sample in half.

4.2.28Sulfide Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Glass, C-777

Decorated ware is immersed into a solution of acetic acid, sodium sulfide, and distilled water at room temperature for 15 min such that only half the decoration is covered by the test solution. The results are reported as visually observed deterioration of the decoration.

4.2.29Evaluating Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Refractories at Elevated Temperatures, C-863

The volume change of one-fourth of a 9-in. straight is evaluated in an atmosphere of steam and at any three temperatures of 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, and 1200°C. The duration of the test is 500 hr. In addition to the average volume change of three samples, any weight, density, or linear changes are also noted in this standard method.

Copyright © 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.

4.2.30Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel Surfaces, C-872

Samples cut from production parts or prepared on metal blanks under production conditions are exposed to 4% acetic acid at 20–24°C for 24 hr. Samples 26 cm2 are placed into a test cell similar to the one used in C-283 and covered with 40 mL of solution for each 6.45 cm2 of exposed surface area. The Pb and Cd released into solution are determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

4.2.31Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials, C-874

This standard practice evaluates the resistance of refractories to flowing slag by lining a rotary furnace, tilted at 3° axially toward the burner, with the test samples. The amount of slag used and the temperature and duration of the test will depend upon the type of refractory tested. The results are reported as the percent area eroded.

4.2.32Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Tile, C-895

This standard method determines quantitatively by atomic absorption the amount of lead and cadmium extracted from glazed ceramic tile when immersed into 4% acetic acid solution at 20–24°C for 24hr.

4.2.33Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Lip and Rim Area of Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic-Glass Enamels, C-927

This standard method determines quantitatively by atomic absorption the amount of lead and cadmium extracted from the lip and rim area of glass tumblers when immersed into 4% acetic acid solution at 20–24°C for 24 hr.

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4.2.34Alkali Vapor Attack on Refractories for Glass-Furnace Superstructures, C-987

This standard practice evaluates the resistance to alkali attack of refractories by placing a 55-mm square by 20-mm-thick sample over a crucible containing molten reactant such as sodium carbonate at 1370°C. A duration at test temperature of 24 hr is recommended, although other times can be used to simulate service conditions. The results are reported as visual observations of the degree of attack.

4.2.35Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution, C-1012

Samples are tested in a solution of Na2SO4 or MgSO4 in water (50 g/L) at 23°C for times initially ranging from 1 to 15 weeks. Extended times may be used if required. The percent linear expansion is recorded.

4.2.36Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Cookware, C-1034; Withdrawn in 2001

This standard test method determines quantitatively by atomic absorption the amount of lead and cadmium extracted from glazed ceramic cookware when immersed into boiling 4% acetic acid solution for 2 hr.

4.2.37Chemical Resistance and Physical Properties of Carbon Brick, C-1106

At least three 2-in. cubes per test medium and per test temperature are immersed into approximately 150 mL of the desired test liquid. The closed containers are placed into a constant temperature oven or bath and then examined after 1,

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7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 days. The samples are evaluated for weight change and compressive strength change.

4.2.38Quantitative Determination of Alkali Resistance of a CeramicGlass Enamel, C-1203

The chemical dissolution of a ceramic-glass enamel-decorated glass sample is determined by immersing it into a 10% alkali solution near its boiling point (95°C) for 2 hr. The dissolution is determined by calculating the difference in weight losses between the decorated sample and an undecorated sample, normalized for the differences in areas covered and uncovered by the decoration.

4.2.39Determining the Chemical Resistance of Aggregates for Use in ChemicalResistant Sulfur Polymer Cement Concrete and Other ChemicalResistant Polymer Concretes, C-1370

This standard test method determines the chemical resistance of at least three 200-gm samples of aggregate immersed into 400 mL of the desired solution, covered, and held at 60°C for 24 hr. The resistance to attack is determined by the change in weight during the test.

4.2.40Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials, G-7

This standard practice evaluates the effects of climatic conditions upon any nonmetallic material. Samples are exposed at various angles to the horizon and generally are faced toward the equator. It is recommended that temperature, humidity, solar radiation, hours of wetness, and presence of contaminants be recorded.

Copyright © 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.