Text b Press in the usa

I. Прочтите текст и укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют тексту т (True), а какие нет – f (False):

1. American newspapers are published in 34 different languages.

2. Most daily papers in the USA are of the popular variety.

3. Most daily newspapers are distributed locally or regionally.

4. There are some official or government – owned newspapers in the USA.

5. American newspapers not only print newspapers, but also collect and sell news and photographs to hundreds of other papers in the USA and abroad.

6. The world's largest news agencies are owned, controlled or operated by the government.

In 1986 a total of 9 144 newspapers (daily, Sunday, weekly) appeared in the USA. Newspapers are published in 34 different languages. Most daily papers in the USA are of the «quality» rather than the «popular» variety. Among the 20 newspapers with the largest circulation only two or three regularly feature crime, sex and scandal. The paper with the largest circulation, «The Wall Street Journal», is a very serious paper indeed. It is often said that there is no «national press» in the United States as there is in Great Britain, for instance. In one sense this is true. There are no official or government-owned newspapers in the USA. There is no state censorship, that is, court or judges cannot stop a story from being printed or published. Most daily newspapers are distributed locally, or regionally. People buy one of the big city newspapers in addition to small local ones. A few of the best-known newspapers, such as «The Wall Street Journal» can be found throughout the country. There has been one attempt to publish a truly national newspaper, «US Today». But it has only a circulation of 1,2 million and can only offer news of general interest.

In another sense, however, there is a national press, one that comes from influence and the sharing of news. Some of the largest newspapers, such as «The New York Times», «The Washington Post» and «The Los Angles Times» are at the same time news-gathering businesses, or news services. They not only print newspapers, but also collect and sell news, news features and photographs to hundreds of other papers in the USA and abroad. These newspapers have great national and international influence, spreading far beyond their own readers. In addition, these newspapers and others, such as «Christian Science Monitor», «The Baltimore Sun» оr the «Milwaukee Journal» are frequently mentioned among papers of international excellence. In a large international survey of newspaper editors, «The New York Times» was ranked by most as «the world's top daily».

American newspapers get much of their news from the same source as all newspapers in the world – the two world’s largest news agencies AP (Associated Press) and UPI (United Press International). Neither of them is owned, controlled or operated by the government. They have thousands of subscribers – newspapers, radio and television stations and other agencies which pay to receive and use the news and photographs in more than 100 countries of the world.

II. Выберите английский эквивалент для следующих русских слов:

1. появляться

a) appearance b) appear c) attend d) attendance

2. например

a) instant b) instead c) for instance d) instance

3. цензура

a) census b) censor c) century d) censorship

4. местный

a) local b) locality c) locally d) localize

5. попытка

a) attitude b) agreement c) advanced d) attempt

6. влияние

a) influence b) influential c) informal d) independence

7. печатать

a) to publish b) to prove c) to predict d) to print

8. собственный

a) owner b) owing c) own d) owe

III. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие предлоги:

a) in b) for c) from d) to e) by

1. It is said that there is no «national press» in the United States as there is in Great Britain, … instance.

2. People buy one of the big city newspapers … addition to small local ones.

3. Some of the largest newspapers collect and sell news, features and photographs … hundreds of other papers in the USA and abroad.

4. American newspapers get much of their news … the same source as all newspapers in the world.

5. The two world’s largest news agencies are not owned, controlled or operated … the government.

IV Найдите в правой колонке русский эквивалент для английских словосочетаний:

1. it is often said	a) распространение новостей
2. a government owned newspaper	b) бизнес «сбора новостей»
3. to offer news of general interest	c) выходить далеко за пределы
4. the sharing of news	d) часто говорят
5. a news gathering business	e) к тому же, вдобавок
6. a news service	f) газета международного класса
7. to spread far beyond	g) предлагать новости нового порядка
8. in addition	h) газета, принадлежащая равительству
9. a paper of international excellence	i) агентство новостей
10. an international survey	j) одинаковый источник
11. to be ranked as	k) подписчик
12. the world’s top daily	l) платить за получение и использование новостей и фотографий
13. the same source	m) международный обзор
14. a subscriber	n) квалифицироваться как
15. to pay to receive and use the news and photographs	o) лучшая газете в мире

V. Прочтите текст и укажите, на какие вопросы в тексте есть ответы Y (Yes), а на какие нет – N (No):

1. What is press in the USA characterized by?

2. What are the two major kinds of daily newspapers in the USA?

3. What kind of reader does each type aim at?

4. Why do we say that there is no national press in the USA?

5. What are the American newspapers of international excellence?

6. What political opinion do American newspapers reflect?

7. What is a “tabloid”?

8. What source do many American newspapers get their news from?