4.3 Attributive Clauses

56. Define which attributive clauses are limiting and which are descriptive:

1. The boy who is playing there is her brother.

2. The sun, which had shone brightly in the morning, was overcast by noon.

3. Here is the key that you lost yesterday.

4. Oliver soon reached the place where the path ended.

5. These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up at the Book Exhibition.

6. I met the boatman who had taken me across the ferry.

7. I told the story to John, who later told it to his brother.

8. I must repeat one thing I said in the last lecture.

9. The sentence you are speaking about is a quotation from Shakespeare.

10. I met my schoolmate, who was much pleased to see me.

11. She is not the cheerful woman she used to be.

12. The moment he entered the room, I felt myself prejudiced against him.

57. Insert who(m) , which or that:

1. The crew, … were all asleep, forgot to hoist a lantern.

2. The commission, … consisted of ten members, was unanimous in its decision.

3. Everything…we saw was of great interest.

4. The boy wore a man’s coat, … reached to his heels.

5. The stream … we crossed was wild and swift.

6. All…glitters is not gold.

7. This novel is the most interesting story…has ever been written.

8. The sun, …had been hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.

9. This is the friend to … I am so much indebted.

10. All… heard his song enjoyed it very much.

11. The boy … you see there is my brother.

12. The dark blue mountain peaks loomed against the pale sky,… still retained the last glimmer of twilight.

13. The first book … I came across was a novel by Charles Dickens.

14. Nothing…I can say will improve matters.

58. Add commas where necessary:

Model: Alan and Jackie, who did not come to class yesterday, explained their absence to the teacher. (Commas are necessary; the attributive clause is not necessary to identify the noun).

The students who did not come to class yesterday explained their absence to the teacher. (No commas; the attributive clause is necessary to identify the noun).

1. The geologist who lectured at Browning hall last night predicted another earthquake.

2. Dr. Fields who lectured at Browning hall last night predicted another earthquake.

3. Only people who speak Chinese should apply for the job.

4. Matthew who speaks Chinese applied for the job.

5. The rice which we had for dinner last night was very good.

6. Rice which is grown in many countries is a staple food throughout much of the world.

7. I have fond memories of my hometown which is situated in a valley.

8. I live in a town which is situated in a valley.

9. The Mississippi River which flows south from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico is the major commercial river in the United States.

10. A river which is polluted is not safe for swimming.

11. Mr. Brown whose son won the spelling contest is very proud of his son’s achievements.

12. The man whose daughter won the science contest is also very pleased and proud.

13. Goats which were first tamed more than 9,000 years ago in Asia have provided people with milk, meat, and wool since prehistoric times.

14. Mrs. Clark has two goats. She’s furious at the goat which got on the wrong side of the fence and is eating her flowers.

59. Discuss the difference in meaning in the following pairs of sentences:

1.He reached in the basket and threw away the apples that were rotten.

He reached in the basket and threw away the apples, which were rotten.

2.The students who had done well on the test were excused from class early.

The students, who had done well on the test, were excused from class early.

3. Cindy was delighted to open the present, which was from her grandmother.

Cindy was delighted to open the present that was from her grandmother.

4. The teacher pointed to the maps that were hanging on the rear wall of the

classroom.

The teacher pointed to the maps, which were hanging on the rear wall of the classroom.

5. The teacher thanked the students, who had given her some flowers.

The teacher thanked the students who had given her some flowers.

6. Tom stood under the oak tree which was near the house.

Tom stood under the oak tree, which was near the house.

60. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to punctuation:

1. Нам сподобалося місто, де ми провели літні канікули.

2. Одеса, де ми провели літні канікули, - великий порт на Чорному морі.

3. Слон, що є найбільшою наземною твариною, має кількох природних ворогів.

4. Слон, якого ми бачили в зоопарку, був чудовий.

5. Скло, що виготовляється з піску, соди та вапна, є надзвичайно корисним матеріалом.

6. Нафта, яку називають чорним золотом, є однією з найцінніших корисних копалин.

7. Нафта, що добувається в Перській затоці, дуже високої якості.

8. Політична партія – це організована група людей, які намагаються контролювати уряд.

9. Вам не треба брати теплий одяг, коли ви їдете до Бангкоку, що є одним з найтепліших міст у світі.

10. Жінка, яка відкрила нам двері, уважно вислухала наше прохання.

11. Поліція спіймала чоловіка, який пограбував Національний банк. Чоловік, який був вдягнений в джинси та смугасту сорочку, був заарештований відразу, як залишив банк.

12. Професор, який викладає хімію в нашій групі, є відомим науковцем. Професор Петренко, що викладає хімію в нашій групі, є відомим науковцем.

61. Say which are object clauses and which are appositive attributive clauses:

1. Everything points to the fact that he is dead.

2. The idea that it could be done in a very simple way did not occur to me.

3. The thought that the child might catch cold troubled her.

4. It was all due to the fact that your letter came too late.

5. I have no idea of how I am going to get in touch with them.

6. I have no notion when he will be back.

7. He pointed to the fact that those plants are easily harmed by frost, a fact entirely overlooked before.

8. I should like to know the reason why you did not come at all.

9. The news that Bath Sheba had left the neighborhood had an influence upon him.

10. The delay was caused by the fact that he was late.

62. Say what moods are used in attributive clauses:

1. My suggestion that he be chosen as our delegate was turned down.

2. My husband had an intention that we should settle in Brighton.

3. My desire that my parents should buy me a motorcycle was great.

4. The demand that atomic weapon be prohibited is pressing.

5. Her fear lest she be mistaken was baseless.

6. I was filled with a fearful apprehension lest I should fail the exam.

63. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Моя мрія, щоб влітку ми поїхали до моря, здійснилася.

2. Пропозиція, щоб робота була розпочата навесні, була підтримана зборами.

3. Я маю бажання, щоб мої друзі відвідали мене на канікулах.

4. Вимога, щоб було покладено край тероризму у всіх його формах, дуже своєчасна.

5. Мій страх, як би я не забув на екзамені все, що знав, зростав з кожним днем.

6. Наказ командира, щоб наступ було проведено вночі, був надзвичайно виваженим.

7. Мені подобається пропозиція, щоб ми розглянули це питання пізніше.

8. Мої побоювання, як би погода не зіпсувалася на вихідні, були марні.