- •Unit 1 My Future Speciality.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •II. Reading.
- •My speciality
- •III. Language.
- •IV. Oral Practice.
- •V. Reading and Comprehension.
- •The Revolution in Textile Industry
- •VI. Reading and Writing.
- •Flannelette and Jean
- •VII. Supplementary reading. Efficiency of Using Waste after Flax and Hemp Processing
- •Unit 2 Cotton.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •II. Reading.
- •III. Comprehension.
- •IV. Oral Practice.
- •V. Reading.
- •Unit 3 History of Cotton.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •It was … that / who … (which are translated as: саме, як раз , тільки, власне) and translate them into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the translation of some sentences.
- •II. Reading.
- •The History of Cotton
- •III. Comprehension.
- •Batiste
- •VI. Comprehension.
- •VII. Oral Practice.
- •Unit 4 Flax.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •II. Reading.
- •Flax. Fiber Flax.
- •III. Language.
- •IV. Oral Practice.
- •V. Reading and comprehension.
- •Flax. Seed Flax.
- •VI. Oral Practice.
- •VII. Reading and Comprehension.
- •New Economical Technology for Cottonized Flax Fiber Preparation
- •First Method.
- •Parameters of flax fibre processed with the first method.
- •Second Method.
- •VIII. Reading and writing.
- •Quality in Flax Production and Processing.
- •IX. Supplementary reading. Assessment of Quality
- •Unit 5 Processing of Flax.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •II. Reading.
- •Processing of Flax
- •III. Language.
- •VI. Oral Practice.
- •V. Reading and comprehension.
- •VI. Oral Practice.
- •VII. Listening and Comprehension.
- •Preset State of Flax and Hemp
- •VIII. Reading and Writing.
- •A New Method of Cottonising
- •IX. Supplementary reading.
- •About New Technology of Processing of Fibre Flax
- •The method of Termolysis Processing for Scutched Flax Fibre.
- •Unit 6 Properties of Textile Fibres.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •II. Reading.
- •The Characteristics of Textile Fibers Part I
- •Cotton and Flax Part II
- •III. Vocabulary.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral Practice.
- •It seems to me …
- •In my opinion …
- •It is really so …
The method of Termolysis Processing for Scutched Flax Fibre.
In Ukraine 44 flax treating plants with total power 120 thousand tons of flax fibre are built and run. Unfortunately, in connection with economic crises, the consequences of which were the reduction of acrage under fibre flax. At present they run not at capacity, but none of them discontinued its production activities.
At the two-aggregate flax primary treating plant by full utilization of its process equipment it forms up to 10 thousand tons of scutch that is individual waste. In 1993, for instance, at flax treating plants of Ukraine 95038 tons of scutch has accumulated. From mentioned quantity only 11.601 tons or 12.2 percent were processed. An overwhelming quantity of scutch and other cellulose-containing industial waste is used as fuel thermo-isolating material and simply dumped what is not safe for environment.
In connection with before said the aim to develop the technology of thermolysis was set. A mathematical model was designed; calculations of optimal scutch thermolysis process variables were made. A semicommercial plant for flax scutch thermolysis with due acount of its physical and chemical properties was detailed and created. Physical and chemical properties of sorbents obtained by various thermolysis processing regimes were studied. The process of charcoal activation with the use of designed scutch thermolysis regimes was optimized.
The plant is a physical modal of extruder, the main working head of which is an auger with varying ullage of flight.
It was established that in process of flax scutch thermolysis in auger plant main technological characteristics of charcoal vary within the limits of accepted values. Optimum temperature of thermolysis makes up 375-400°C with the duration of processing 2-3 minutes.
Charcoal obtained in the auger plant arrives in activation column. In this column charcoal is calcined during 40-50 minutes under the influence of gas-vapor mixture which consists of products of scutch combustion and superheated steam. An activating origin is chemically combined oxygen that’s part of gas-vapor mixture. Superheated steam temperature in the experimental process makes up 790-960°C.
Findings allow to conclude that a temperature of activation process makes up 850-900°C, the duration of process is 50-55 minutes. By these variables sorbtion iodine activity exceeds the requirements of existing standard by 38 percent and phenylic acid one by 77 percent. On the basis of experimental data it regression equations were obtained, which indicate the nature of activation process of charcoal from flax scutch.
Created semicommercial plant for thermolysis flax scutch processing with obtaining charcoal was tested and works now in Rephin flax treating plant in Chernigiv region.
Unit 6 Properties of Textile Fibres.
I. Vocabulary.
Exercise 1. Remember the following worlds and word-combinations:
1. manufacture 2. either … or … 3. to consist of 4. substance 5. to seem 6. suitable 7. purpose 8. to possess 9. certain 10. quality 11. length 12. strength 13. cohesiveness 14. flax 15. prehistoric times 16. throughout 17. simple 18. particularly 19. linen 20. wool 21. with the exception 22. actually 23. hardly 24. to compete 25. usefulness 26. available 27. quantity 28. cheap 29. further 30. reasonably durable 31. condition 32. dye 33. variety 34. fast shades 35. considering 36. shape 37. thickness 38. cross section 39. extensibility 40. softness 41. solubility in aqueous and organic solvents
42. general durability 43. lustre 44. behaviour 45. resistance 46. influence 47. light 48. heat 49. mildew 50. insects 51. wet 52. damp 53. abrasion and wear 54. corrosive chemicals 55. creasing 56. ease 57. transform 58. yarn 59. have caused it 60. relatively 61. high 62. compare 63. fineness 64. however 65. absorb 66. moisture 67. as 68. conductor 69. cooling effect 70. wear (wore, worn) 71. shoe uppers 72. household 73. canvas 74. sail cloths 75. though 76. insulation 77. wire 78. linters 79. as well 80. recover (obtain) 81. inner stem 82. involve 83. expense 84. “retting” 85. common 86. harvested plants 87. steep 88. woody stem 89. outer bark 90. gum 91. dissolve 92. remove 93. filament 94. constitute 95. range 96. inch 97. comparatively 98. fine 99. absorbing 100. stiffness 101. desire 102. tensile strength 103. toweling 104. covering 105. a great deal of care 106. require 107. bleach 108. fabric |
1. виробництво, виріб, фабрикант 2. чи ... чи ... 3. складатися з 4. речовина 5. здаватися 6. придатний 7. ціль 8. володіти, мати 9. певний 10. якість 11. довжина 12. сила, міцність 13. здатність зчіплюватися 14. лен 15. прадавні часи 16. на протязі, протягом 17. простий 18. особливо 19. лен 20. вовна 21. за виключенням 22. фактично 23. за ледве, навряд чи 24. конкурувати 25. корисність 26. доступний 27. кількість 28. дешевий 29. далі, ще 30. доволі міцний 31. умова, стан 32. фарбувати 33. різноманітність, велика кількість 34. міцні (тривкі) відтінки 35. розглядаючи 36. форма 37. товщина 38. поперечний переріз 39. здатність розтягуватись 40. м’якість 41. здатність розчинятися у водяних і органічних розчинниках 42. загальна міцність 43. блиск 44. поведінка 45. стійкість 46. вплив 47. світло 48. тепло 49. пліснява, цвіль 50. комахи 51. мокрий 52. вологий, вогкий 53. зношування під час носіння 54. корозивні хімікати 55. усадка 56. легкість 57. перетворення 58. пряжа 59. привели до того, що ... 60. відносно 61. високий 62. порівнювати 63. тонина, тонкість 64. але, одначе 65. поглинати, вбирати 66. волога, вологість 67. так як, оскільки 68. провідник 69. охолоджуючий ефект 70. носити, одягати 71. поверхня взуття 72. господарчий 73. брезент 74. парусина 75. хоча 76. ізоляція 77. дріт 78. пух 79. також 80. отримувати 81. внутрішнє стебло 82. включати, вбирати 83. витрати 84. вимочування 85. звичайний, розповсюджений 86. зібрані рослини 87. занурювати, замочувати, замочити 88. дерев’яне стебло 89. зовнішня кора 90. клей 91. розтворяти(ся) 92. видаляти 93. нитка 94. складати 95. коливатися 96. дюйм (2.54) 97. порівнюючи, порівняльно 98. тонкий 99. здатність до поглинання 100. міцність, жорсткість 101. бажати, хотіти 102. міцність до розтягнення 103. рушник 104. скатертина 105. величезний догляд (піклування, турбота) 106. вимагати, потребувати 107. відбілювати 108. тканина |