VI. Oral Practice.

Exercise 19. Entitle Text B.

Exercise 20. Basing your answers on information from Text A and Text B give the definitions to the following terms:

a). Chlorite treatment is … ;

b). Enzyme treatment is …;

c). Chemical treatment is … .

VII. Listening and Comprehension.

Exercise 21. Listen to Text C.

Preset State of Flax and Hemp

When we look beyond the XXI century, we have to consider seriously the future of flax and other natural cellulosic fibres both in coexistence and fierce competition with the natural and man-made fibres in the next millennium. Also, we cannot forget such important factors like the growth of population anticipated to raise from 5.6 billion up to 11.5 billion in the year 2050.

Social safety, urgent needs for economical growth of rural areas, future fibres and food demand, the role of renewable, sustainable materials as a source for recycled polymers, environmental safety in wide spectrum of protection of air, water, soil and forests – are just the areas the Flax and Hemp Family should be involved in. The above mentioned factors call for new goals to be set before our Network.

There are some factors easily predictable: multiplied population will need multiplied consumption of fibres, including especially hydrophilic fibres to which our fibres belong, viz, flax, hemp and other bast fibres.

High ranking specialists estimated that a doubled growth of cotton production was not possible due to the following reasons: water and pesticide consumption and climatic limitations for growing cotton. This gives a chance and opens new possibilities for our Network, but at the same time gives a new demand for global scope of our activities. It is the reason why we try to tie our cooperation with sister Networks within ESCORENA and Groups like on cotton, jute, hard fibres as well as on sustainable agriculture for food, energy and industry.

In production and processing of these fibres the present and the future aspects of flax (hemp and alike fibres) are:

• higher volumes and wider use;

• high speed techniques and low costs;

• high quality textile and industrial products;

• wide array of diversified by-products applications.

Notes:

fierce competition – жорстка конкуренція;

anticipate – очікувати, передбачати;

renew – оновлювати, замінювати новим;

sustain – підкріплювати, підтримувати;

bast fibres – луб’яні волокна;

scope – межі, сфера, можливості.

Exercise 22. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. The growth of population is anticipated to raise form 5.6 billion up to 11.5 billion in the year 2050.

2. Multiplied population will need multiplied consumption of fibres.

3. A doubled growth of cotton production was possible.

4. There are three present and future aspects of flax in its production and processing.

VIII. Reading and Writing.

Exercise 23. Read the text “A New Method of Cottonising” and put down its translation.

Notes:

pectinous gum – пектинова гума;

inner lamellae – внутрішній тонкий шар;

cell walls – стінки клітини;

tissue – тканина;

bark – кора;

spinning waste – залишки після прядіння;

alkaline medium – лугове середовище

coarse – грубий, низького ґатунку.