5) ◊ В некоторых словах, образованных способом конверсии, ударение зависит от части речи: в

Letter

Examples

Important exceptions

A [ei]

assistant [əˈsistənt] comma [ˈkɒmə] data [ ]*

в конце слова пред согл.+е → [i]

e.g. surface ['sə:fis]

E [i:]

begin [bi'gin] hundred ['hʌndrəd] sentence [ ]*

―

I [ai]/Y [wai]

divide [di'vaid] ministry ['ministri] infinitive [ ]*

―

O [ou]

pronounce [prə'nauns]pilot ['pailət] consonant[ ]*

на конце слова → [ou] e.g. zero ['ziərou]

U [ju:]

suppose [sə'pouz] museum[mju:'zi:əm] injury [ ]*

в конце слова пред согл.+глас. → [ju] irregular [i'regjulə]

Letter/Letter combination

Sound

Examples

Important exceptions

C → перед e, i, y

→ в ост. случаях

→перед -ious

[s]

[k]

[ʃ]

certainly ['sə:tənli], society [sə'saiəti], circus [ ]*

curtains['kə:tənz], accident ['æksidənt], cat [ ]*

precious ['preʃəs], spacious [ ]*

cello ['ʧelou]

Celtic ['keltik]

G → перед e, i, y

→ в ост. случаях

[ʤ]

[g]

edge [eʤ], gym [ʤim], gist [ ]*

gas [gæs], bigger ['bigə], engaged [ ]*

eager ['i:gə]

geese [gi:s]

gift(ed) ['gif(tid)]

-(t)ch →

→

→

[ʧ]

[k]

[ʃ]

chief [ʧi:f], chess [ʧes], match [mæʧ],cheese [ ]*

ache [eik], stomach ['stʌmək], chemistry [ ]*

champagne [ˌʃæmˈpein], chef [ ]*

sandwich ['sænwiʤ]

-ng

[ɳ]

sing [siɳ], long [ l ɔɳ] lung [ ]*

finger ['fiɳgə]

ph →

[f]

photo ['foutou], sphere[sfiə], phrase[ ]*

nephew ['nevju:/ 'nefju:]

shepherd ['ʃepəd]

S → в начале слов;

после глухих согл.;

в сочетаниях -ss- sc-

→ после гласных

и звонких согл.;

между гласными и

зв. согласными

[s]

[z]

sit [sit] sister[ ]*

texts [teksts] disks [ ]*

scent [sent] scene [ ]*

bees [bi:z], girls [gə:lz], relatives [ ]*

visit ['vizit] , observ(er) [ əb'zə:v(ə)] , preside [ ]*

scissors ['sizəz]

increase ['iɳkri:s]

sh →

[ʃ]

sheep [ʃi:p], ship [ʃip] shame [ ]*

―

wh + o →

→ в ост. случаях

[h]

[w]

who [hu:], whose[hu:z], whole [ ]*

whale [weil] white [ ]*

―

th → в начале/конце знаменательных слов;

→ в начале служебных слов;

между гласными

[Ѳ]

[ð]

thing [Ѳiɳ], breath [breѲ] youth [ ]*

this [ðis], though [ ðou] these [ ]*

clothes [ klouðz], breathe [bri: ð] whether [ ]*

―

Letter

Do not read

Examples

Important exceptions

B

before ‘t’

debt(or) ['det(ə)], doubt [daut]

C

in the word

muscle [mʌsl]

muscular ['mʌskjulə]

D

in the words

grandfather ['grænˌfɑ:ðə], handsome ['hænsəm],

handkerchief ['hænkəʧi:f], sandwich ['sænwiʤ], Wednesday ['wenzdi], Windsor [ ]*

handwriting[ˈhændˌraɪtɪŋ]

H

→ in the words

→ in “gh-/rh-”

→ at the end of some words

heir [ɛə], honest(y) ['ɔnist(i)], honour[ ] * vehicle ['vi:ik(ə)l]]

ghost [goust], rhythm [riðm], rhyme [ ]*

pharaoh ['fɛərou], cheetah [ ]*

―

P

before “b, n, s, t”

cupboard ['kʌbəd], pneumonia [nju:'mouniə], psychology [sai'kɔləgi], receipt [ri'si:t]

raspberry [ ]*

―

S

in the words

aisle [ail], isle [ail], island ['ailənd]

―

T

after “s”

fasten [fɑ:sn], hasten [heisn], listen [ ]*

mustn’t [mʌsnt], rustle [rʌsl]

haste [heist], paste [peist], waste [weist], hostel ['hɔst(ə)l]

W

→ before “r”

→ after “s”

write [rait], wrong [rɔŋ] , wrestle [ ]*

answer ['ɑ:nsə], sword [sɔ:d]

―

swear [swɛə]

Letter combinations

Read

Examples

Important exceptions

kn-/gn-

[n]

knowledge ['nɔliʤ], sign [sain], gnome [ ]*

signal [signəl], signature ['signiʧə]

-mb/-mn

[m]

bomb [bɔm], dumb [ ]*

column ['kɔləm]

bombard [bɔm'bɑ:d]

autumnal [ɔ:t'ʌmn(ə)l]