Unit II ports Ex. 1. Translate the words, practise their pronunciation and put them into your active vocabulaiy:

Reason, location, trade, freighter, cargo, ferry, turnover, anchor, quay, contingency, defence, fairway, vessel, lock, security, canal, light­house, pilot, remains, legislation, shipwreck, shelter, tide, abandonment, traffic, petroleum, coal, fuel, flow, decline, volume, shift, marsh, ford, conquest, manufacture, consumption, advantage, sight, tug, barge, craft;

To mention, to transfer, to appoint, to increase, to decrease, to handle, to establish, to involve, to install, to amount, to reduce, to stretch, to for­tify, to ensure, to emerge, to tempt, to undergo;

Favourable, domestic, total, afloat, substantial, conventional, conven­ient, relevant, prosperous, former, swift;

Comparatively, entirely, previously;

Owing to

Ex.2. Insert the right word:

Freighter, increase, undergone, coal, pilots, mentioned, advantage, cargo, petroleum, lighthouses, reducing, vessel, tempted, shipwrecks, conquest, fuel, manufacturing, traffic, installed.

1. ... and ... help ships to avoid ... in unknown waters. 2. A ... is a sailing ... carrying various types of... .3. The street... is rather heavy in this district. 4. It should be ... that this branch of... has ... consider­able changes in recent years. 5. The riches of the New World ... numer­ous adventurers from Europe. 6. Tankers are used for transporting of... products. 7. The new machinery must be ... to ... the production. 8. The Norman ... played a great role in the development of Britain. 9. The main ... of this technology is the ... of labour costs. 10. ... was the ma­jor ... for steam engines in the XIXth century.

Ex. 3. Change the words of italic type with their synonyms from your active vocabulary:

U This river has a complex system of floodgates for providing ship­ping. 2. The storm is coming. We must find a cover. 3. The ruins of the ancient castle had a picturesque view. 4. The bogs in this region range along for many miles. 5. One can notice a serious decay in the region's inland trade. 6. The new equipment mounted in the shop must raise the production safety. 7. Due to the appropriate harbour position it perfectly suits for the port construction. 8. Some people cannot make any serious decisions and prefer to go with the stream. 9. These heavy goods must be transmitted to the other board in order not to disturb the balance. 10. The construction of the bridge here instead of the river passing downstream will shorten the way twice.

Ex. 4. Define in one word:

1. a tower which shows the sailors where the shore is;

2. quick-moving;

3. to control the process;

4. a person who shows the way to the ship in unknown waters;

5. a vessel carrying cargo, transport and passengers across channels, bays, etc.;

6. a chance event;

7. a place for ships and boats to be tied up at;

8. a ship for carrying goods;

9. a law or a rule;

j) to be equal to smth

Ex. 5. Translate into Russian:

important port cities

international and domestic traffic

loading sites

with turnover of

appointed sites for anchoring

shipping infrastructure

to fell under the legislation

naturally favourable conditions ocean-going ship from the other hand overlooking the marshlands alongside the river a fortified town a trading centre

ancient underwater remains sea bottom

comparatively small number thanks to the high tides to provide regular sailings the shortest crossing points to be in deep decline

Britain's leading port

political and administrative functions

a source of progress and prosperity

from time to time

rather tempting to invaders

the maximum mark of

one of the great advantages