- •Contents
- •От авторов
- •Section II etymological survey of the english word-stock
- •Section III morphological structure of the english word. Word-formation
- •Section IV lexical meaning as a linguistic category. Semantic analysis of words. Polysemy and homonymy
- •Working Definitions of Principal Concepts
- •Section V semantic classification of words. Synonymy
- •Working Definitions of Principal Concepts
- •Section VI lexical-phraseological combinability of words. Phraseological units
- •Working Definitions of Principal Concepts
- •Section VII stylistic layers of the english vocabulary. Terminology
- •Working Definitions of Principal Concepts
- •Section VIII regional varieties of the vocabulary.
- •Vocabulary of american english
- •Working Definitions of Principal Concepts
- •Section IX lexicography
- •Working Definitions of Principal Concepts
- •Part II. Word analysis Section II
- •1. Group the following words according to their origin and state the degree of their assimilation.
- •2. Study the following doublets and explain how they differ in origin and meaning.
- •3. Study examples of borrowings to explain how adopting words from other languages depends on socio-cultural factors.
- •2. Discuss these words in terms of item and arrangement. How do these words demonstrate productive patterns of affixation in Modern English?
- •6. Write the words from which the following shortenings were formed.
- •7. Comment on the formation of these words.
- •8. Study the underlined words and identify the type of word-building.
- •9. Explain how the following units were formed.
- •1. Which of the underlined words is realized in a) nominative meaning, b) nominative-derivative meaning?
- •2. Analyze the word “rich” in terms of different types of meaning.
- •3. Read the text aloud. Provide lexicological explanation of the humorous effect produced by the poem. Spell checker
- •Section V
- •“Daddy, can I have a chocolate?” said the girl to her father.
- •2. These synonymic series are adduced in the English-Russian Dictionary of Synonyms (Moscow, 1979). Do these words satisfy the definition of synonyms?
- •1) Cold, cool, chilly, chil, frosty, frigid, freezing, icy, arctic;
- •2) Impatient, nervous, nervy, unquiet, uneasy, restless, restive, fidgety, feverish, jumpy, jittery.
- •1. Study the following examples of phraseological units and use them to describe V.V.Vinogradov’s classification. Phraseological combinations:
- •Phraseological unities:
- •Phraseological fusions:
- •2. Identify free and idiomatic word-combinations and give their Russian equivalents.
- •3. Match the following adjectives and nouns to give English equivalents of the following Russian word-combinations. Can the English phrases be described as free word-combinations? Why (why not)?
- •Section VII
- •1. Study the following words and their definitions. Say what peculiarities of these words make it possible to describe them as slang words.
- •2. Read the following sentences paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics. Say whether these words are literary colloquial or low colloquial.
- •4. Study the advertisement below; find 1) colloquial words, 2) neutral words, 3) terms, 4) learned words.
- •1. Use the material below to discuss the vocabulary of American English.
- •Americanisms Proper
- •Lexical analogues
- •4. Give lexicological analysis of the following humorous poem.
- •1. Choose one of the dictionaries from the given list.
- •3. The following text contains numerous vocabulary errors. Correct them and explain how (and what kind of) dictionaries can help students of English to avoid such mistakes. Expensive Mary
- •Topics for discussion
- •References
Topics for discussion
1. Lexicology as a linguistic discipline. Lexical units of the language. Lexical and grammatical meaning. The size-of-unit problem. The identity-of-unit problem.
2. The concept of the morpheme. Lexical and grammatical morphemes. The two aspects of lexical morphology (item and arrangement, item and process).
3. Principles of morphological analysis. “One-way” and “two-way” segmentability of the word. Lexical morphological categories.
4. Word-formation: affixation. Classification of affixes. Productivity and semantics of affixes.
5. Conversion: the means of word building, semantic relations, the original vs derived word, synchronic and diachronic aspects of conversion.
6. Compounding: structural and semantic characteristics, peculiarities of compounding in English (unstable compounds and lexicalization of syntactic units).
7. Minor types of word-building: shortening, sound and stress interchange, sound imitation, reduplication, backformation.
8. Etymological structure of the English language. The mixed character of English vocabulary. Words of native origin and the role they play in the language.
9. Borrowings and the role they play in the English language. Classification of borrowings. Special types of borrowings: translation loans, etymological doublets, international words. Assimilation of borrowings in the English language.
10. Lexical meaning. Polysemy. Variants of the word. Methods of semantic analysis.
11. Types of meaning. Denotation and connotation. Meaning and usage. Syntagmatics and paradigmatics.
12. Different types of lexical grouping in the English language. Thematic groups.
13. Types of semantic change: metaphor and metonomy, widening and narrowing of meaning.
14. Homonyms: sources and principles of classification.
15. Paradigmatic connections of words. Synonymy. Types of synonyms.
16. Syntagmatic connections of words. Lexical and grammatical combinability.
17. Phraseological units: definition and basic characteristics. Principles of classification. Deformation of idiom.
18. Stylistic layers of the vocabulary.
19. Neologisms and occasional words. Productive patterns of making new words.
20. Vocabulary of informative texts. Terminology.
21. American English: vocabulary and word-building.
22. Lexicography. Types of dictionaries. Structure of dictionary entry. Problems of dictionary compiling.
References
1. Based on: Минаева Л.В. Тыналиева В.К. Лексикология современного английского языка. Фрунзе. 1989. – C. 6-9.
2. Based on: Minajeva L. Word in Speech and Writing. M. 1982. - pp. 36-42.
3. Borrowed from: Otto Jespersen. Growth and Structure of the English Language. Oxford, 1948. - p. 62, pp.91-93.
4. Borrowed from: Otto Jespersen. Growth and Structure of the English Language. Oxford, 1948. - p. 62, pp.91-93.
5. Based on: Minajeva L. Word in Speech and Writing. M., 1982. – pp. 11-12.
6. Based on: Минаева Л.В. Тыналиева В.К. Лексикология современного английского языка. Фрунзе, 1989. – C. 41-57.
7. Borrowed from: Mednikova E.M. Seminars in English Lexicology. M., 1978. – pp. 107-108.
8. Based on: Richard Lederer. Crazy English.
9. Based on: Olga S. Akhmanova. Semantics. Folia Anglistica.1998,No.1. – pp. 44-47.
10. Based on: Gvishiani N.B. Sovremenny anglijskij jazyk. Leksikologija. M. 1986. – p.p. 23-25.
11. Based on: Морозова А.Н. Лексическая равнозначность в речи. Куйбышев, 1985. – C. 10-11.
12. Based on: Minajeva L. A Manual of English Lexicology. M. 1982. – pp. 109-113.
13. Borrowed from: Mednikova E.M. Seminars in English Lexicology. M. 1978. – p. 58.
14. Based on: Mednikova E.M. Seminars in English Lexicology. M., 1978. – pp. 90-91.
15. Based on: Richard Lederer. Crasy English.
16. Based on: John Ayto. Introduction to the Longman Register of New Words. Moscow, 1990.
17. Borrowed from: Conversation between Albert H. Marckwardt and Randolph Quirk. Common Language. British and American English., pp. 30-31.)
18. Borrowed from: Гвишиани Н.Б. Современный английский язык: лексикология. М., 2000. – С. 175-177.
19. Голденков М.А. ОСТОРОЖНО! HOT DOG! Современный активный English. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М., 1999.
20. Wodehouse P.G. Very Good, Jeeves! – London: Penguin Books, 1977. – pp. 57-58.