1.4. Review Exercises

Ex.1 Translate the following:

a) the student attending all the lectures, the engineer using a new method, new methods used, the students translating, a text being translated, the workers doing, the work done, the researchers solving this complex problem, the problem solved, the calculations being made, students making calculations, the plan containing many details, details contained in the plan;

b)discussing the advantages of the new memory unit, producing new devices, having produced new devices they…, being produced in our laboratory the devices are…, when produced the devices will be used, having been produced the devices were used…, using these data, having used these data they received…, used these data were…, having been used these data resulted in …,being used these data are…, obtaining the results, having obtained the results, the results having been obtained, they completed…, if obtained the results will help us…

c) the force measured, measuring the force they…, having measured the force acting upon the body they…, the force being measured is …, the engineer measuring the force is…, having been measured the force was… the force acting, the body acted upon, acting upon the body it…, when acted upon by the force the body will change…, having acted upon the body the force…

d) 1) We need highly developed electronics and new materials to make supercomputers. 2) Being more efficient than human beings computers are used more and more extensively. 3) Having stated the laws of gravity Newton was able to explain the structure of the Universe. 4) Having been published in 1687 Newton’s laws of motion are still the basis for research. 5) Built in the middle of the last century the British Museum is situated in central London. 6) New technologies reduce the number of workers needed. 7) Numerous experiments having been carried out at the orbital stations, it became possible to develop new methods of industrial production of new materials. 8) With the current being switched on, the machine automatically starts operating. 9) If heated to 100ºC water turns into steam. 10) The text was not difficult, many words having been learnt before. 11) Copper being a good conductor, we were recommended to use it in our research work. 12) When asked this question he could answer it at once. 13) Having been used for a long time the instrument partly lost its former efficiency. 14) When conducting this experiment the engineer collected very important data. 15) An electric current is the flow of electrons through a metal conductor, electrons flowing along a wire just like water runs through a pipe. 16) Properly adjusted any installation works well. 17) Students studying foreign languages should read special literature in the original. 18) Studying foreign languages students should learn the words properly. 19) It being difficult to settle the matter, we decided to meet again on the following day. 20) The forces acting between atoms within a molecule are very great. 21) A body is under stress, the forces acting upon it tending to increase its length. 22) An external force acting, the body changes its state of rest to a state of motion. 23) A.N. Krylov developed a theory of the helium atom on the basis of quantum mechanics, various methods of theoretical astronomy having been applied to solve the problem. 24) The energy being produced is of great importance for our town. 25) The electrons move with varying velocities, their velocity depending on the temperature and nature of the material. 26) Any moving object can do work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and velocity. 27) Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated. 28) He being no more heard of, it was natural to forget everything. 29) Time permitting, they will discuss the question tomorrow. 30) The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was very low.

Ex.2 State the functions of the words with – ed and translate the sentences into Russian:

1) The methods applied improved the quality of articles produced. 2) The results obtained showed the stability of the system under conditions given above. 3) The equipment improved resulted in higher labour productivity. 4) The motor is overheated unless cooled. 5) The Russian Chemical Society organized more than a century ago is named after Mendeleyev. 6) The Russian Chemical Society organized an international conference devoted to the latest achievements in organic chemistry. 7) The method recommended was used in our experiments. 8) Placed in a strong magnetic field iron becomes magnetized. 9) Particles accelerated moved at a high speed. 10) They examined the device used to determine the size of those particles. 11) The vacuum tubes called the diodes contained two electrodes. 12) They carefully described the phenomena connected with the solution of these problems. 13) Used this method will help us to increase the output. 14) The automatic space station created provided important information on cosmic rays. 15) The experiment described attracted great attention. 16) Repaired the automobile moved at high speed. 17) The worker repaired the device used. 18) The data required were analysed in our laboratory. 19) When required the data will be applied in our work. 20) The investigations analysed resulted in an interesting discovery. 21) If heated glass can be easily worked. 22) The experiments carried out differed in the data obtained when analyzed.

Ex.3.Choose the correct forms:

1. You can measure the force (acting, acted) upon the body. 2. The force (applied ,applying ) to the body was measured. 3.When an (unbalanced, unbalancing) force is applied to a free body, the body will start into uniformly (accelerating, accelerated) motion. 4. The following equation gives the potential energy of a (lifting, lifted) body. 5. A (lifting, lifted) weight possesses potential energy. 6. The energy (transforming, being transformed) in this experiment is thermal energy. 7. (Having written out, writing out) and (learning, having learnt) all the new words he was able to translate the text easily.8. (Having used, having been used) a laser beam scientists obtained accurate calculations of Jupiter’s temperature.9. When (completed, being completed) in 1897 Gefferson’s building was the largest library in the world. 10. (Solving, having solved) these problems scientists do a lot of research. 11. While (living, having lived) in St. Petersburg I visited all its famous museums. 12. (Having been weighed and registered, being weighed and registered) our luggage was taken to the plane. 13. (Having been given, having given) all the necessary information he continued his work. 14. The alloys (using, being used) in our work possess many important properties. 15. The students (having made, making) these experiments should know the theory very well. 16. (Having never been, never being) to Canada myself I listened to him with great interest.

Ex.4. Transform these sentences according to the models and translate them into Russian:

Model 1.

Do you know the name of the man who is talking to the dean?	Do you know the name of the man talking to the dean?
I have just read his article that was published in the “Times”.	I have just read his article published in the “Times”.

1. The sea which washes Norway in the southwest is called the North Sea. 2. She looked at the plane which was disappearing in the clouds. 3. People who take books from the library must return them in time. 4. What is the name of the country which lies in Europe and Asia ? 5. All the people who live in that house are students. 6. He went out and looked at the cars which were passing by. 7. Did you see the letter that was signed last Thursday? 8. The new school that was built last year is one of the finest buildings in our street. 9. I heard the announcement that was made on the radio some minutes ago. 10. The power plant, which is being built in Siberia, will be one of the largest in the country. 11. The questions the examiner put to me were not difficult. 12. The machine which is being developed by our engineers will increase the output of production.

Model 2.

When I heard the news I phoned him.

Hearing the news I phoned Peter.

1. When he watched the game he enjoyed it. 2. As he didn’t know what to do he asked his brother’s advice. 3. When you speak English pay attention to the word order. 4. When you work with the dictionary do not forget my instructions. 5. While this student was solving the problem he made a mistake. 6. As we were given dictionaries we managed to translate the article easily. 7. After I had written the exercise I began to doubt if it was correct. 8. Don’t you feel tired after you have walked so much? 9. When he had left the house and was crossing the street he suddenly stopped as he remembered that he hadn’t phoned his friend. 10. When we write a telegram we must use as few words as possible.

Ex.5 Join each of the following pairs of sentences using participles:

Model 1.

She closed the book. It was lying on the table.

The closed book was lying on the table.

1. The article was rejected. It was returned to the author for revision. 2. She lost her passport. It was returned to her in a fortnight time. 3.The train is about to leave. It is standing at Platform 3. 4.These students have been sitting there for a long time. They are waiting for the dean. 5.The conference is devoted to the problems of environmental protection. It takes place at our Academy. 6.This canal was built in the early 1960s. It supplies the whole area with water. 7.The papers were lying on the table. They had been brought by the secretary. 8.The experiment is being carried out in the laboratory. It’s very important. 9.The meeting is being held in the lecture hall. It is devoted to the work of our faculty. 10.The postman has brought the evening post. He’s knocking at the door.

Model 2.

The speaker refused to continue. He was infuriated by the interruptions.

Infuriated by the interruptions the speaker refused to continue.

1. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper. 2. She didn’t want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before. 3. The boy offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost. 4.I had seen photographs of the place. I had no desire to go there. 5. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk. 6.I have just heard your side of the question. I’m more inclined to agree with you. 7.She has lived in St.Petersburg for ten years. She knows the city well. 8. We didn’t know what to do. We decided to wait. 9. They were left alone in a strange town. They felt at a loss.

Ex.6 Change the following sentences using the Absolute Participle Construction:

Model.

As the situation was urgent, we had to go ahead.

The situation being urgent, we had to go ahead.

1. As our work was finished, we went home. 2. If the letter is posted today, the news will reach them tomorrow. 3.There was in fact nothing to wait for, and we got down to work.4. The question was rather difficult to answer it at once, I asked for permission to think it over. 5. The new engines were safely delivered and all of them were in good order. 6. If time permits, we shall come a few days earlier. 7. Any moving object can do work and the quantity of kinetic energy depends on its mass and velocity.

Ex.7 Name all the predicates which can be used instead of the following:

1. Having prepared – has prepared, was preparing, prepared, is preparing, had been prepared, had prepared, has been preparing, prepare, will have prepared.

2. Reading – is reading, reads, read, was reading, has read, will be reading, had been reading, has been reading.

3. Being translated – was translated, is being translated, was being translated, translated, will be translated, has been translated, had been translated.

4. Written – was written, is usually written, was being written, has been written, will be written, had been written, is being written now, will have been written.

5. Having been done – have been done, will have been done, will be done, is being done, is done, was done, was being done.

Ex.8 Paraphrase the words in bold type, paying attention to the tenses in subordinate clauses:

Model. 1. The girl listened to now is…

The girl who is being listened to…

2. Waiting for you I…

While I was waiting for you I…

a) 1. All goods sold in this department store are of very high quality. 2. But some years ago goods sold here were not always up to the mark. 3. The measures taken improved the quality of goods and now all goods produced there are in great demand. 4. Goods especially approved by the consumers were exhibited last year. 5. Special attention paid to the quality of consumer goods is bringing results. 6. We hope that the majority of consumer goods produced in our country in the nearest future will be at the world standard level.

b) 1. Knowing who the man was she was very pleased to talk to him. 2. Having done his homework he went for a walk. 3. Looking through some magazines I came across an interesting article about cosmic rays. 4. Being busy he postponed his trip. 5. The door bolted on the inside could not be opened. 6. Having been translated the article could be read by everybody. 7. A teacher seeing a mistake in a student’s dictation always corrects it. 8. When we came nearer we saw two boys running towards us. 9. Being so far away from home he still felt himself part of the family. 10. Having phoned the agency he left. 11. Copying English texts you must pay attention to the articles.

Ex.9 Open the brackets using the proper form of the participle:

1. (To write) out and (to learn) all the new words he was able to translate the text easily.2. A crowd of (to excite) people was watching the firemen (to try) to save the (to burn) building. 3. Why do you look so (to worry)? - I’ve had a number of (to worry) telephone calls lately. 4.I don’t know what was in the (to burn) letter. I didn’t read it. 5. It was an (to excite) incident. No wonder, she spoke about it in an (to excite) voice. 6. Everything (to write) here is quite right. 7. Read the (to translate) sentences once more. 8. The problem (to solve), the engineers began a new experiment. 9. (To graduate) from the Institute he began to work at an office. 10. (To act) upon the body the force changes its original size. 11. The plan (to discuss), the meeting was over. 12.An external force (to act), the body changes its state of rest to a state of motion. 13. (To see) never his father I cannot tell you what kind of man he is. 14. I wonder what he thinks of the problem (to discuss) now. 15. (To pass) the final exams well, I was offered a good job. 16. (To press) for time, he couldn’t even have breakfast. 17. (Not to know) anything of the danger they were quite calm. 18.If (to consider) from this point of view the problems (to deal with) in this book are very complex. 19. (To publish) in 1687 the three laws of motion are still the basis for many achievements. 20. (To work) in the laboratory they measured the speed of the body (to move) under the action of the (to apply) force. 21.The laboratory (to organize), they carried out many experiments on chemistry. 22. (To subject) to high pressure metals became highly conductive. 23. There are different types of engines, all of them (to represent) the means by which it is possible to utilize the energy (to store) in different fuels. 24. The installation (to utilize) now is very efficient.

Ex.10. Characterize the following using participles:

Model 1. A girl who is smiling is … a smiling girl.

1. If a book excites you, it’s…

2. If the news disappointed you …

3. If information interests you …

4. If the sun is rising (is setting) …

5. If a man works for living …

6. A board, which is examining students …

7. If a companion travels with you …

Model 2. If a person has become tired from a long trip …