- •Physical and Geographical features of the uk of gb and Northern Ireland.The English Channel
- •National emblems of gb and Northern Ireland
- •Prehistory of gb
- •Medieval England (the terms of Magna Carta)
- •The Reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England
- •The Marriage Question
- •Mary, Queen of Scots and Catholic Intrigue:
- •War and the Spanish Armada:
- •Ruler of the Golden Age:
- •Problems and Decline:
- •Reputation:
- •Victorian age (Queen Victoria’s Reign, the development of the country).
- •Britain in the 20th century.
- •Monarchy in Britain. Functions of the Monarch
- •The Queen's public functions. Relations with prime minister and government
- •2/Government
- •British Parliament (The House of Lords, the House of Commons)
- •Government in Britain (Civil service, Local Governments, General Election)
- •Religions in Britain
- •Traditions and customs in gb
- •Holidays and sports in Britain
- •The press, radio and television in Britain
- •London – the capital of Great Britain (history, mail boroughs)
- •Places of general interest in London
- •Art places in London (Museums and galleries)
- •Traffic in London. London Police
- •History of policing in the City
- •Organisation
- •Uniform
- •Geographical survey of the usa (composition of the country). Geographical Regionalism.
- •The history of the usa (early settlements, the English Colonies)
- •The War of Independence. The Civil War
- •Present-day America. Political System of the usa
- •Education, culture, holidays and traditions in the usa
- •Washington - the capital of the usa and other vast cities
- •Notable Americans
Prehistory of gb
The very first remains of the existence of people on the territory of present Great Britain referred to an unwritten history of Britain. The British Isles have experienced a long history of migration from across Europe. The island was first inhabited by people who crossed over the land bridge from the European mainland. The ancient migrations have mainly come via two routes: along the Atlantic coast and from Germany/Scandinavia. The main settlement came in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. The geographical position was both a blessing and a problem: on the one hand, the insular position protected the country from invasions; and on the other – the lowland facing the continent always invited invasions.
The greatest material monument of the ancient civilization of the British Isles is Stonehenge, a monumental stone circle and a memorial of the Stone Age culture.
The first habitants are believed to be hunters of the Old Stone Age who came from the Continent, to be followed by new waves of emigrants. The most interesting fact is that the hunters of that time could get there by land, because in the past the British Isles were the part of the Continent. But it’s a theory. By the end of the Stone Age there lived people who were farmers and already used metal.
The beginning of the Stone Age coincided with the arrival of new invaders, mainly from the territory of the present France. They were the Celts. Reputed to be tall, fair and well built, they were good craftsmen. Their dialects were imposed on the native population: the Gaelic from was spread in Ireland and Scotland and the Briton in England and Wales. It was the Briton tribe of the Celts that gave its name to the whole country.
The culture of Celts in the Iron Age wasn’t altogether barbaric. Their Priests, they called themselves the Druids, were skilful in teaching and administration.
Medieval England (the terms of Magna Carta)
Magna Carta, also called Magna CartaLibertatum or The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, is an English charter, originally issued in the year 1215 and reissued later in the 13th century in modified versions. The later versions excluded the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority that had been present in the 1215 charter. The charter first passed into law in 1225; the 1297 version, with the long title (originally in Latin) The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, and of the Liberties of the Forest, still remains on the statute books of England and Wales.
The 1215 charter required King John of England to proclaim certain liberties, and accept that his will was not arbitrary, for example by explicitly accepting that no "freeman" (in the sense of non-serf) could be punished except through the law of the land, a right which is still in existence today.
Magna Carta was the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges. It was preceded and directly influenced by the Charter of Liberties in 1100, in which King Henry Ihad specified particular areas wherein his powers would be limited.
Despite its recognised importance, by the second half of the 19th century nearly all of its clauses had been repealed in their original form. Three clauses remain part of the law of England and Wales, however, and it is generally considered part of the uncodifiedconstitution.Lord Denning described it as "the greatest constitutional document of all times – the foundation of the freedom of the individual against the arbitrary authority of the despot".[1] In a 2005 speech, Lord Woolf described it as "first of a series of instruments that now are recognised as having a special constitutional status",[2] the others being the Habeas Corpus Act (1679), the Petition of Right (1628), the Bill of Rights (1689), and the Act of Settlement (1701).
The charter was an important part of the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law in the English speaking world, and it was Magna Carta (rather than other early concessions by the monarch) which survived to become a "sacred text".[3] In practice, Magna Carta in the medieval period did not in general limit the power of kings, but by the time of the English Civil War it had become an important symbol for those who wished to show that the King was bound by the law. It influenced the early settlers in New England[4] and inspired later constitutional documents, including the United States Constitution