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Text 13. Founder of new world view

Mykola Hryhorovych Kholodnyi (June 22, 1882 - May 4, 1953) was an outstanding Ukrainian scientist who left his mark on numerous branches of science. He studied at Kyiv University, and after graduating in 1906, he began his pedagogical activity as a teaching assistant. After defending his master's thesis in 1912, he became a docent, and in 1919 a professor of the University. In 1929 Kholodnyi was elected Full Member (academician) of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. For his prominent contribution to the development of botany, the Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences adopted his name.

Kholodnyi’s primary scientific interests concerned microbiology, in particular the study of iron-bacteria. His final monograph, which appeared in German in 1926, contains a detailed systematic description and investigations of physiology of this group of organisms, directly concerned with the formation of iron-manganese compounds in the seas and fresh reservoirs.

In the 1920s Kholodnyi, independently of the Dutch explorer F.V. Vent, Jr., proposed a harmonious theory of vegetable tropisms (plant irritations and movements). He concluded that during the transmission of irritation a special substance similar to hormones is reproduced. The Kholodnyi-Vent theory of hormone tropisms became one of the paradigms of contemporary botany.

In the 1930s-40s Kholodnyi laid the basis for a new science - the study of phytohormones. This science attempts to explain the nature of the botanical organism as a subtly regulated, systematically organized, and integral, possessing similarities to a “nervous” and sensual system. In fact, the ill-famed Lysenkoism of the 1940s-50s was directed largely against Kholodnyi’s theory of phylohormones and its author as well.

M.H. Kholodhyi was an encyclopedically gifted scientist. In a series of philosophico-ideological works he posed cardinal questions concerning the relationship of man to nature, about man's place in the Universe. Feeling the breath of ecologic crisis, Kholodnyi sought a system of human perception of the world and of human activity, that would promote a civilization with the ability to develop continuously and harmoniously. His work "Thoughts of a Naturalist about Nature and Man", written in 1947 but published only in 1982 because of socio­political circumstances, is devoted to the above-mentioned problems.

ЕЛЕКТРОННЕ НАВЧАЛЬНЕ ВИДАННЯ

Борисова Марина Вікторівна

МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИ ДО ВИКОНАННЯ ПРАКТИЧНИХ РОБІТ З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА» (ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ 1-ГО КУРСУ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ 6.040106 «ЕКОЛО ГІЯ, ОХОРОНА НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ТА ЗБАЛАНСОВАНЕ ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ)

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