Imanti-,

inter-

СО-

Примеры

common — uncommon

обыкновенный — необыкновенный

to heat ~ to overheat

нагревать — перегревать

war — post-war

война — послевоенный

write — to rewrite

написать — переписать

logical — illogical

логичный — нелогичный

frictional — antifrictional

фрикционный — антифрикционный

existence ~ coexistence

существование — сосуществование

ability — disability

способность — неспособность

estimate -- underestimate

оценивать — недооценивать

war — pre-war

война — довоенный

way — subway

дорога — подземная дорога

polite — impolite

вежливый —• невежливый

change — interchange

обмен — взаимообмен

435

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 8

СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ,

ВСТРЕЧАЮЩИХСЯ В ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ

А.С. Ante Christum — лат. до

нашей эры

ас alternating current — переменный

ток

a.m. ante meridiem — лат. до

полудня

B.C. before Christ — до нашей

эры

ВТи British Thermal Unit - Британская

тепловая единица

С Centigrade — стоградусный

(шкала Цельсия)

ее cubic centimetre — кубический

сантиметр

cckw counter clockwise — против

движения часовой стрелки

cwt hundredweight — центнер;

(50,8 кг в Англии и 45,3 кг в

США)

do direct current — постоянный

ток

deg. degree — градус

e.g. exsempli gratia — лат. например

e.m.f. electromotive force — электродвижущая

сила

etc. et cetera — лат. и т.д.

Fahr. (F) Fahrenheit — шкала

Фаренгейта

f.p.s feet per second — футов в секунду

ft. foot; feet — фут(ы)

gal. gallon — галлон

gr gram(me) — грамм

h (hr) hour — час

hp horsepower — лошадиная сила

i.e. id est -- лат. то есть

kv kilovolt — киловольт

kva kilovolt-ampere — киловольт-

ампер

kw kilowatt — киловатт

lb libra pound — лат. фунт

m metre — метр; mile — миля;

minute — минута

mm millimetre — миллиметр

m.p.h. miles per hour — миль в

час

p. page — страница

p.c. pro centum — лат. per cent —

процент

p.m. post meridiem — лат. после

полудня

psi pounds per square inch — фунтов

на квадратный дюйм

R Reaumur — шкала Реомюра

r.p.m. revolutions per minute —

оборотов в минуту

r.p.s. revolutions per second —

оборотов в секунду

sq. square — квадратный

t. temperature — температура;

ton — тонна

Viz videlicet — лат. A именно

Vs versus — лат. Против

V.V. Vice versa — лат. Наоборот

w watt — ватт

436

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 9

СПИСОК НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫХ

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ЗНАКОВ

+ plus

- minus

± plus or minus

= is equal to, equals

^ does not equal

= identical, identically equal to

^ equivalent, similar (is similar

to)

> is greater than

< is less than

-> approaches

oo varies as, is propotional to

oo infinity

ab a times b; a multiplied by b

a/b the ratio of a to b; a divided

by b

proportion: л is to ^ as с is to d

a^ the n-th power of a; aaa... to

n factors

/ " radical sign

yfa square root of a

a~^ the reciprocal of a"; 1/д"

log a common logarithm of a

\ogio a logarithm of a to the base

10

In a natural logarithm of a

F(x), f(x) function of X

У - fM у is a function of x

—, '' ' the derivative of у

dx d^:

with respect to x

—J the second derivative of у

djT

with respect to x

a' lei] prime, dash

fl"[ei] second, double prime,

double dashed

Gn [ei] sub n, subscribed n

\ integral sign

Я double integral

( ) parentheses

[ ] brackets

{ } braces

LCM (1cm) least common multiple

GCD (gcd) greatest common divisor

Z angle

L right angle

J. perpendicular (is perpendicular

to)

I I parallel (is parallel to)

л triangle

о parallelogram

П square

О circle

П arc; АПВ (arc AB)

" degrees (of arc or angle)

' minutes of arc or angle; foot,

feet

" seconds (of arc or angle);

inches

sin A — sine of A

cos A — cosine of A

tan A — tangent of A

cot A (or ctn A) - cotangent of A

sec A — secant of A

cosec A (or esc A) — cosecant of

A

437

А few examples of reading mathematical expressions

Arithmetic

Addition

12 + 13 = 25 Twelve plus thirteen

is (masks equals) twenty-five

addend — слагаемое

sum — сумма

Subtraction

71 -— 24 = 47 Seventy one minus

twenty four is (equals ) fortyseven

minuend — уменьшаемое

subtrahend — вычитаемое

remainder, difference — разность

Multiplication

8 X 6 = 48 Six times eight is

forty-eight (eight multiplied by six

is forty-eight)

multiplicant — множимое

multiplier (factor) — множитель

product — произведение

Division

90 : 9 = 10 Ninety divided by nine

is ten

divident — делимое

divisor — делитель

quotient — частное

Fractions

Common fractions

— a half (one second); j a quarter

(one forth)

— three seventh

7

Proper fractions

2

— (2 — numerator, 3 — denomi-

3

nator)

- (5 —I mnupmroepreart ofrra, c3ti o—ns denominator)

Mixed number

1 2

5 -; 7 — (9 - common denominator)

Decimal fractions

0.4 nought point four (0 [eu] point

four)

0.06 nought point nought six (0

[eu] point 0 [eu] six)

.2 point two (period two, two

tenth)

.37 point thirty seven (period

thirty-seven)

652.47 six hundred fifty-two point

forty seven (six five two point

forty-seven)

1.007 one point 0 [eu] 0 [eu] seven

Power

raise to a power - возводить в

степень

in the second power — во второй

степени, в квадрате

in the third power — в третьей

степени, в кубе

in the n-th power — в л-ной степени

3^ 3 cubed (three to the third power)

3a^ three a to the second power (3 —

coefficient; a ~ base; 2 - exponent)

438

Evolution

У1~ square root (radical sign) ^ cubic root

л/4 = 2 the square root of four is

two

H

Ratio

— ratio H per L\ Hio L

JL

У "^fM З' is a function of x

-f-, the derivative of у with

Qx 6x

respect to x

d^v

—ir the second derivative of

djc^

у with respect to x

1 one; a unit single; once

2 two; a pair; a couple; double;

twice; twice the number; twice as

much

3 three; triple; three times

12 a dozen

20 a score

439

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 10

ТАБЛИЦА НЕСТАНДАРТНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ

(LIST OF NON-STANDARD VERBS)

Infinitive

be [bi:]

j bear [Ьеэ]

bear [bee]

beat[bl:t]

become

[Ьх'клт]

begin [bi'gin]

blow [bleu]

break [breik]

bring [briTj]

build [bild]

bum [be:n]

burst [be:St]

buy [bai]

catch [kaef]

choose [^u:z]

come [клт]

cost [kost]

cut [kAt]

deal[di:l]

|do [du:]

Past Simple

was, were [woz,

we:]

bore [bo:]

bore [bo:]

beat [bi:t]

became

[bi'keim]

began [bi'gaen]

blew [blu:]

broke [breuk]

brought [bro:t]

bunt [bilt]

burnt [be:nt]

burst [be:St]

bought [bo:t]

caught [ko:t]

chose [feuz]

came [keim]

cost [kost]

cut [kAt]

dealt [delt]

did [did]

Participle II

been [bi:n]

bom [bo:n]

home [bo:n]

beaten [bi:tn]

become [bi'kAm]

begun [bi'gAn]

blown [bleun]

broken [Ъгеикеп]

brought [bro:t]

built [bilt]

bumt [be:nt]

burned [be:nd]

burst [be:st]

bought [bo:t]