- •Міністерство освіти і науки україни
- •Передмова
- •II. Lexical exercises
- •§1. Active vs passive voice (Активний і пасивний стани)
- •§2. The Simple2 Passive Tenses (Прості часи пасивного стану)
- •3. Вживання
- •IV. Grammar exercises
- •V. Working on the text
- •The Year 1938: Need of a National Transportation Policy
- •VI. Speaking practice
- •The us transportation problems in 1938 Plan
- •Lesson II us highway transportation in 1947
- •I. Active vocabulary
- •II. Lexical exercises
- •§ 1. The Perfect Passive Tenses (Завершені часи пасивного стану)
- •§ 2. The Present Perfect Passive Tense (Теперішній завершений час пасивного стану)
- •1. Формула будування присудка
- •2. Вживання
- •IV. Grammar exercises
- •Ex 2. Answer the question according to the model.
- •V. Working on the text
- •Us Highway Trasportation in 1947
- •VI. Speaking practice
- •Lesson III us highway transportation in 1950
- •I. Active vocabulary
- •II. Lexical exercises
- •§1. The Past Perfect Passive Tense (Минулий завершений час пасивного стану)
- •1. Формула будування присудка
- •2. Вживання
- •IV. Grammar exercises
- •V. Working on the text
- •Us Highway Transportation in 1950
- •VI. Speaking practice
- •Lesson IV us highway transportation in 1960
- •I. Active vocabulary
- •II. Lexical exercises
- •§1. The Future Perfect Passive Tense (Майбутній завершений час пасивного стану)
- •1. Формула будування присудка
- •2. Вживання
- •IV. Grammar exercises
- •V. Working on the text
- •Us Highway Transportation in 1960
- •Innovations in Equipment and Operation
- •VI. Speaking practice
- •Lesson V us highway transportation in 1972
- •I. Active vocabulary
- •II. Lexical exercises
- •§ 1. The Progressive19 Passive Tenses (Тривалі часи пасивного стану)
- •§ 2. The Present Progressive Passive Tense (Теперішній тривалий час пасивного стану)
- •1. Формула будування присудка
- •2. Вживання
- •IV. Grammar exercises
- •V. Working on the text
- •VI. Speaking practice
- •Lesson VI us highway transportation in 1980
- •I. Active vocabulary
- •II. Lexical exercises
- •§ 1. Минулий тривалий час пасивного стану (the past progressive passive tense)
- •1. Формула будування присудка
- •2. Вживання
- •All the time – весь час all day / week / month / year long – весь день / тиждень/ місяць / рік
- •IV. Grammar exercises
- •V. Working on the text
- •Us highway transportation in 1980
- •VI. Speaking practice
- •Lesson VII us highway transportation in 1990
- •I. Active vocabulary
- •II. Lexical exercises
- •§ 1. Конструкція “have something done”
- •1. Загальна формула будування присудка
- •2. Вживання
- •IV. Grammar exercises
- •V. Working on the text
- •Us highway transportation in 1990
- •VI. Speaking practice
- •II. Lexical exercises
- •III. Working on the text
- •Us highway transportation at the end of the 20th century
- •IV. Speaking practice
- •V. Revision and Consolidation
- •Харківський національний автомобільно-дорожній університет
- •Харків 2009
- •Навчальний посібник the development of the us transportation system in the 20th century
IV. Grammar exercises
Ex 1. Translate the word combinations with past participles into your mother tongue.
1. The committee appointed by the President
2. The report submitted to the committee
3. Problems complicated by the competition
4. Improved highway safety
5. Subsidies obtained from the government funds
6. Services provided by motor carriers
7. Regulations upheld by the administration
Ex 2. Match the predicates in box A with the definitions of tenses in box B.
A |
B |
1. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration makes recommendations on highway safety. 2. Highway safety didn’t improve during 2007. 3. These difficulties will be eliminated next year. 4. A new motorway was opened in our city in summer. 5.The conferenceis sponsoredby UNESCO. 6. The committee will uphold your project. |
A. The Simple Present Active Tense
B. The Simple Past Active Tense
C. The Simple Future Active Tense D. The Simple Present Passive Tense E. The Simple Past Passive Tense
F. The Simple Future Passive Tense |
Ex 3. Make up questions beginning with the words in brackets. Translate them into your mother tongue.
1. New regulations will be provided for motor carriers. (Will)
2. A new transportation policy was recommended in a report submitted to the President in December. (What)
3. Greater benefits will be obtained by making roads safer for traffic. (How)
4. Fair regulation of all modes of transportation was advocated by the Committee. (Was)
5. Subsidies from public funds were obtained in July. (When)
6. During 1965, nearly 70 billion gallons of motor fuel was consumed by road vehicles in the USA. (How much fuel)
7. Nearly 100 million persons were licensed to drive the 75 million passenger cars and 15 million trucks and buses. (How many persons)
Ex 4. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form. Translate the sentences into your mother tongue.
1. New transportation services (provide) in this locality last year.
2. The report (submit) to the President tomorrow.
3. Transportation problems usually (complicate) by conflicting interests.
4. Road safety (not, improve) in 2006.
5. Every year government funds (pour) into new highways construction.
6. Next year traffic fatalities (reduce) with the help of the new safety systems.
7. This committee (appoint) by the President a month ago.
Ex 5. Write sentences as in the example. Translate them into your mother tongue.
Example
To uphold the new export taxes (suppose) It is supposed that the new export taxes will be upheld. – Передбачають, що нові експортні мита будуть підтримані комітетом.
1. to appoint the committee on Tuesday morning (say)
2. to improve highway safety in a year (believe)
3. to obtained subsidies in March (know)
4. to reduce the traffic flow in the downtown (suppose)
5. to eliminate unequal regulations next month (assume)
6. to submit the report to the committee on 20 February (think)
Ex 6. Select the correct form of the verb in brackets to complete the sentences. Translate the sentences into your mother tongue.
1. We (will make changes / make changes) as soon as we (will be recommended / are recommended).
2. Subsidies (won’t be allocated / are allocated) unless the financial plan (will be corrected / is corrected).
3. The committee (will see / sees) that the public benefits (will be taken into account / are taken into account).
4. If these difficulties (will be eliminated / are eliminated) the deal (will be concluded / is concluded).
5. He (will be permitted / is permitted) to drive this truck when he (will get / gets) the licence.
Ex 7. Make these sentences passive as shown in the example. Translate them into your mother tongue.
Example
In September 1938, the US president appointedthe committeeto look into the national transportation problems.In September 1938,the committeewas appointedby the US president to look into the national transportation problems.
1. The committee recommended a new national transportation policy.
2. The committee submitted a report to the US President in December 23.
3. Unequal regulations complicate transportation problems.
4. Our motor carrier will provide new services.
5. The US Supreme Court upheld the new program.
Ex 8. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Транспортні проблеми часто ускладнюються завдяки конкуренції.
2. Доповідь буде подано президенту у грудні.
3. Національну транспортну політику було підтримано суспільством.
4. Припускають, що нові судсидії будуть виділені у січні.
5. Закон про автотранспортні компанії був прийнятий у 1992 році.
6. Правила для перевізників були уніфіковані рік тому.