- •Stylistics and its Subdivisions
- •Process of reading is decoding
- •Expressive Means (em) and Stylistic Devices (sd)
- •The philological circle (the circle of understanding) – l Spitzer
- •Synonymous ways of rendering one and the same idea;
- •Seminar 1 General problems of stylistics Questions and tasks
- •Supplement
- •1.1. Dictionary definitions of style
- •1.2. Style in literary criticism and reviews of books
- •1.3. Raymond Queneau's Exercises in Style
- •Recommended literature:
- •2.1. The phonetic level of stylistic analysis
- •Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Questions and tasks
- •Sound instrumentation
- •Alliteration Assonance Onomatopoeia
- •2.2. Graphic Expressive Means An Outline
- •2.3. Morphological Level of Stylistic Analysis An Outline
- •Seminar 2 Phonographic and morphemic expressive means Questions and tasks
- •Recommended literature:
- •Logical 2. Nominal 3. Emotive meanings.
- •Classification of the semantic structure according to Leningrad school of stylistics: Semantic structure of a word (Prof. I.V.Arnold) consists of denotative and connotative meanings.
- •Semantic structure of words (Prof. Arnold)
- •Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary
- •Stylistic Differentiation of the English Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •E.G. I must decline to pursue this painful discussion. It is not pleasant to my feelings; it is repugnant to my feelings. (d) “My children, my defrauded, swindled infants!” cried Mr. Renvings. (d)
- •Seminar 3 Stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary Questions and tasks
- •Recommended lirerature:
- •The lexical thesaurus of the poetic text
- •Recommended lirerature:
- •Unit 4 Stylistic Phraseology An Outline
- •Seminar 4 Stylistic Phraseology Questions and tasks
- •Red herring
- •Recommended lirerature:
- •Units 5-7 Stylistic semasiology An Outline
- •Expressing the emotive and evaluative attitude of the writer towards the object described: ”The Peacelike Mongoose” (j.Thurber)
- •Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Classification of Lexical Stylistic Devices (I.R.Galperin)
- •I. The Interaction of Different Types of Lexical Meaning
- •1. Interaction of Dictionary and Contextual Logical Meaning
- •2. Interaction of Primary and Derivative Logical Meanings
- •3. Interaction of Logical and Emotive Meaning
- •Classification of Epithets
- •4. Interaction of Logical and Nominal Meaning
- •II. Intensification of a Feature (Lexico-Syntactical sd in V.A. Kukharenko’s classification)
- •Classification of Lexical Stylistic Devices (lsd)
- •Syntactical sd (ssd) – I.R.Galperin
- •The Types of Repetition on the Syntactical Level
- •Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices (lssd) (V.A.Kucharenko)
- •1) Analogy::recurrence (Simile, Climax, Periphrasis)
- •2) Contrast::recurrence (Anticlimax, Antithesis, Litotes)
- •1) Evokes fresh images;
- •2) Reveals the author’s attitude, when it is original (fresh).
- •Antithesis,
- •Anticlimax
- •Litotes
- •Seminar 5 Lexical Level of Stylistic Analysis Questions and tasks
- •Supplement
- •Recommended literature:
- •Seminar 6 syntactical level of stylistic analysis Questions and tasks
- •Supplement
- •Supplement
- •V. A raison de coeur
- •Recommended literature:
- •Unit 8 Stylistic grammar An Outline
- •Stylistic functions of articles
- •Stylistic transposition of pronouns
- •Adjectives, stylistic function of degrees of comparison
- •Stylistic functions of verbal categories
- •Seminar 8 Stylistic grammar Questions and tasks
- •Units 9-10 Functional stylistics An Outline
- •Functional styles, general characteristics, different classifications of functional styles.
- •Functional Styles of the English Language
- •F unctional Styles (y.M.Screbnev)
- •Literary colloquial
- •Familiar colloquial
- •I.V. Arnold
- •Functional Styles (I.R.G.)
- •Classification of Functional Styles of the English Language (I.R.Galperin)
- •The Problem of Colloquial Style
- •The Publicist Style, its Substyles, and their Peculiarities
- •The Newspaper fs, its Substyles and their Peculiarities
- •Formulative
- •1) Rigour and precision:
- •2) Impersonality: Passive Voice constructions
- •3) Logical sequence of utterances is achieved through:
- •The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English language
- •It is characterized by special business terminology:
- •Informal functional styles:
- •Seminars 9-10 functional styles Questions and tasks
- •Recommended literature:
- •Supplement
- •Recommended literature:
- •Unit 11 types of narration and compositional terms An outline
- •Stylistic functions of the author’s narrative:
- •Seminar 11 types of narration Questions and tasks
- •Seminar 12 stylistics of the text Questions and tasks
- •Recommended literature:
- •Suggested schemes for stylistic analyses
- •The general scheme of linguo-stylistic analysis
- •Examination Questions and Problems
- •Assignments for stylistic analysis
- •Bibliography
postulatory
argumentative
Formulative
Ex. “ One kind of variation that we might not want to label stylistic is variation due to regional, temporal and social dialects (Enkvist,1973,p.16).
1) Rigour and precision:
Table 15
General terms |
Special terms |
Everyday vocabulary |
Learners, Sponsors, Awareness, Content |
ESP, needs analysis, needs assessment, learning needs |
approach, existence, acceptable, reasonable |
2) Impersonality: Passive Voice constructions
This analysis is designed to enable corporations to establish a clear picture of their own particular training needs as seen by employees…
The general manner of writing is DISCOURSE.
Verbs of mental perception: assume, infer, point out and conclude:
It can be inferred, it should be noted, it must be emphasized.
3) Logical sequence of utterances is achieved through:
Key –words;
Pronoun substitutes;
Logical connectives: addition, causality (cause and result);
Opposition and contrast;
Logical sequence of ideas;
Subdivision of the thoughts into logical blocks;
Introducing IT-constructions: It follows that; it has often been stated that; it is taken for granted that;
Introductory there sentences: There can be no doubt that; there appears to be no reason for assuming that.
4) The structure of sentences and paragraphs:
Semi-composite sentences (non-finite verbs, gerundial, infinitive, participial constructions): I would like to discuss the current state of affairs regarding the teaching of written English.
Demonstrative and personal pronouns as substitutes of the notional words.
Postulatory pronouncements, references to the facts, compound and complex sentences.
5) The structure of a Paragraph depends on the communicative intention and the position of the discourse:
a) Postulatory Paragraphs: introducing the hypothesis, putting forward the main objectives, stating what has been investigated by other scientists: It is common knowledge that; it is fully established that.
b) The Body of Discourse is argumentative: Logical argumentation, listing of facts, comparison, enlargement on the theme, the development of the main thesis, pros and cons of the hypothesis; it abounds in clichés. Analysis A deals with target language needs, the addressee/addressor relationship and the frequency of communication.
This analysis is designed to enable corporations to establish a clear picture of their own particular training needs as seen by employees…
Topic sentences introduce the key-idea; developing sentences are logically connected with the main idea.
c) Formulative paragraphs (conclusion):
Research has indicated a perception gap between teachers and learners as to what constitute “valuable” teaching and learning activities.
TYPES OF SCIENTIFIC TEXTS according to function-content-form:
Texts of “Primary” character;
Texts of “Secondary” character.
PRIMARY: function –communicative; content – scientific; form –defined by the function and the addressees.
SECONDARY: analyzing, compressing, summarizing the primary scientific texts in a condensed form.
PRIMARY: Scientific articles:
theoretical,
polemic,
editorials:
monographs;
Text-books.
SECONDARY: annotations, abstracts, reviews, theses, synopses.
Compression of the text: eliminating details, generalizing the main part.
Annotation is the shortest form of a secondary scientific text, which:
Gives a general statement of the essential thought of the original, i.e. the main communicative intention.
Generalizes the information given and presents it in a condensed form;
Mentions the addressee sometimes.
Descriptive Annotation: clear-cut and definite structure, presents the headings of the original in the same order they are given in the text.
Table 16
A |
B |
C |
D |
Title |
Market |
Annotation pure |
Contents |