Vocabulary Notes:

to mean (meant) power plant thrust weight per hour ability smoothly perform reliability overhaul flexibility

обозначать силовой агрегат (двигатель) сила тяги, тяга масса за час способность ровно, гладко работать, выполнять работу надёжность капремонт „способность приспосабливаться”

Задание 6. Дополните предложения.

1. A machine that _____ mechanical power or energy is called an engine or a _____ plant.

2. One of the main problems is _____ the maximum possible power or _____ for minimum weight.

3. The weight is included in the factor called the weight/power _____, which may be _____ as the weight in pounds per horse _____ output.

4. Flexibility is the _____ of the engine to run _____ and perform properly at all speeds and through all _____ of atmospheric conditions.

5. The engine is to have a _____ life, with maximum of time between _____ periods.

6. There are _____ engines, _____ engines, _____ turbines, _____ engines, _____ engines and _____ engines. Each of them has certain _____ and _____ over other forms of _____ plants.

Задание 7. Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык.

Соотношение масса/мощность, использование топлива, способность приспосабливаться, надёжность, равновесие, вес в фунтах на конскую силу, свобода от вибрации, полная нагрузка, период работы до капремонта, силовое усилие, силовая установка.

Задание 8. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What did the word “engine” originally mean?

2. What machine is called an “engine” or a “power plant”?

3. What is one of the main problems engines present?

4. What is the weight/power ratio?

5. What is flexibility of the engine?

6. Do the designers work at the engine reliability?

7. What engines do you know?

Задание 9. Прочтите и переведите текст.

Automobile

Automobile is the most important means of personal transportation for many millions of people around the globe. Worldwide, there are more than 400 million passenger cars plus more than 100 million light trucks, such as vans and pickups. People depend on their cars and trucks to travel to and from work, to run errands, to visit friends and relatives, and to take vacations.

The United States, Canada, Japan, Western European countries, and other developed nations have the most automobiles. But even in developing countries, more and more people own cars, and bumper-to-bumper traffic clogs the streets of big cities in many of those countries.

The automobile helped give people the freedom to live, work, travel wherever they wanted. It ended the lonely lives of farm families by placing neighbours, cities and towns within by reach. The automobile led to the growth of suburbs, motels, shopping centres, superhighways, drive-in restaurants.

But along with all the glories of the automobile culture came serious problems. Car accidents killed and injured at an alarming rate, exhaust fumes fouled the air, and the roar of the city traffic became nerve-racking. Some people yearned for the old days before the automobile, when the life seemed simpler, slower, and gentler. But there could be no going back. The automobile has become woven into the fabric of modern life. And the auto industry itself has become basic to the economic well-being of developed countries. Today many developing nations also seek to set up an automotive industry because it generates and supports wide range of businesses and so can stimulate economic growth.