Текст 8.

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1. Teenagers' Interests

2. Do Teenagers Have Problems?

3. Typical American Teenagers.

4. Are Teenagers a Problem?

5. What is a Teenager?

A. Officially, a teenager is anyone aged from 13 to 19 inclusively, but most people would probably think first of the younger age group and exclude 18 and 19-year-olds. After all, once you reach 18 you can vote, get married without your parents' permission, and join the army. On the other hand, children are growing up and developing more quickly, and these days 11 and 12-year-olds would like to include themselves in the 'teenager' group.

B. According to 'the older generation', teenagers are lazy, they wear ridiculous clothes, and are appallingly rude to their betters and elders; they find it impossible to be polite, helpful, constructive, caring or hard-working. What's more, they spend all their time listening to awful music and watching unsuitable films.

C. Teenagers are human so, of course, they have problems. It is a difficult time for them because it is a period of transformation. It isn't quite as bad as a chrysalis changing into a butterfly, but it may seem like that. It isn't easy to grow up, and the dramatic physical and emotional changes are often confusing and worrying.

D. Typical American teenagers are in fact very ordinary. They think their teachers make them work too hard; they love their parents, but are sure they don't understand anything; and their friendships are the most important things in their lives. Some of them do have a lot of money to spend, but usually they have earned it themselves.

Текст 9

Juvenile Crime

Juvenile delinquency refers to antisocial or illegal behavior by children or adolescents and is considered a serious problem all over the world. It is caused by social, economic and cultural factors. This juvenile criminality is apparent in marginal sectors of urban areas where children are exposed to violence in their immediate social environment, either as observers or as victims. Because delinquents basic education, if they have any, is poor they have been marginalized from society and distituted of any dignity or self esteem. Although most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with young criminals, such as juvenile detention centers and suppression, approaches to prevent delinquency should also include measures to instill equality and justice, fight poverty and create an atmosphere of hope and peace among youth. These preventive policies should be given priorities over any coercive measures.

Socioeconomic opportunities and administrative services should be provided in rural areas to discourage young people from migrating to urban areas. Similarly, youth from poor urban settings should benefit from plans that focus on education, employment and access to leisure programmes , especially during long school holidays. Young people who drop out of school or come from broken families should have access to specific social programmes that help them become responsible adults.

Information campaigns should be planned to sensitize youth to be aware of the detrimental effects of violence on the family, community and society, to teach them how to communicate without violence. Focus on the importance of family should become a priority because it is the primary institution of socialization of youth and continues to play an important role in the prevention of juvenile delinquency and underage crime.

Согласитесь или не согласитесь.

1. Juvenile crime is affected by economic factors

2. Migration might be another cause of juvenile criminality

3. Family is not an important factor when dealing with juvenile criminality

4. Suppression is not an option when dealing with juvenile criminality