Федеральное агентство по образованию

Вятский государственный гуманитарный университет

Учебное пособие

по грамматике английского языка

для студентов неязыковых специальностей

Киров 2008

1. Глагол “to be”

Present

Positive Form (Утвердительная форма)	Negative Form (Отрицательная форма)	General Question (Общий вопрос)
I am (I’m) he (she, it) is (he’s, she’s, it’s) we (they, you) are (we’re, they’re, you’re)	I am not (I’m not) He (she, it) is not (isn’t) We (they, you) are not (aren’t)	Am I ? Is he (she, it)? Are we (they, you)?

Общий вопрос (General Question) требует краткого ответа:

• Is Nick a student? – Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

• Are they from Italy? – Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

• Are you a manager? – Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive Question):

• He is a student, isn’t he?

• He isn’t a student, is he?

Специальный вопрос (Special Question) начинается с вопросительного слова: what, who, when, where, why, which, whose, how, how long, how much, how many, how often.

• What is he?

• Who is he?

• He is at home now. – Where is he now?

Past

Positive Form	Negative Form	General Question
I (he, she, it) was We (they, you) were	I (he, she, it) was not (wasn’t) We (they, you) were not (weren’t)	Was I (he she, it)? Were we (they, you)?

Общий вопрос (General Question) требует краткого ответа:

• Was Helen at home 2 days ago? – Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.

• Were your friends late yesterday? – Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive Question):

• He was a student, wasn’t he?

• He wasn’t a student, was he?

Специальный вопрос (Special Question):

• What was he?

• He was at home yesterday. – Where was he yesterday?

Future

Positive Form	Negative Form	General Question
I (he, she, it, we, they, you) will be	I (he, she, it, we, they, you) will not be (won’t be)	Will I (he, she, it, we, they, you) be?

Общий вопрос (General Question) требует краткого ответа:

• Will Mr Grag be at the office tomorrow? – Yes, he will. / No, he won’t.

Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive Question):

• He will be a student, won’t he?

• He won’t be a student, will he?

Специальный вопрос (Special Question):

• What will he be?

• He will be at home tomorrow. – Where will he be tomorrow?

Exercises

Ex. 1. Put in am, is, are

1. The sky … very blue today. 2. I … not tired. 3. This shelf … very heavy. 4. These shelves … very heavy. 5. I … cold. Can you shut the window, please? 6. The castle … one thousand years old. 7. My brother and I … good tennis players. 8. Jane … at home but her parents … in church. 9. My niece … archeologist. 10. They … deeply attached to each other.

Ex. 2. Write full sentences. Use am, is, are each time.

Example: (my grandparents very old) – My grandparents are very old.

1. (my desk very comfortable) – … . 2. (your spectacles in your bag) ‑ … . 3. (this house very expensive) – … . 4. (the shops not open today) – … . 5. (Mr Wren’s grandson six years old) – … . 6. (the houses in this street very big) – … . 7. (the exam not difficult) – … . 8. (those flowers very beautiful) – … .

Ex. 3. Write positive or negative sentences. Use am, am not, is, isn’t, are, aren’t. Make up disjunctive questions.

1. I … interested in hockey. 2. I … angry. 3. It … cold. 4. The Hague … in Switzerland. 5. I … afraid of dogs. 6. My hands … dirty. 7. Moscow … a very big city. 8. Diamonds … cheap. 9. Squirrels … big animals.

Ex. 4. Write questions with What, Who, How, Where, Why …? Use am, is, are.

Example: (What colour your house) – What colour is your house?

1. (Where my key?) – … . 2. (Where my trousers?) – … . 3. (How old your grandmother?) – … . 4. (What colour his hair?) – … . 5. (How much these shoes?) – … . 6. (Who your favourite actor?) – … . 7. (Why you always late?) – … .

Ex. 5. Ask questions. (Read the answers to the questions first.)

1. (his name) … 2. (single or married) … 3. (British) … 4. (where, from) … 5. (how old) … 6. (a student) … 7. (your mother a teacher) … 8. (where, from) … 9. (her name) … 10. (how old) …

Robert. I’m single. No, I’m not. He is from Australia. I’m 18. No, I’m a secretary. No, she is a lawyer. She’s Italian. Rachel. She’s 40.

Ex. 6. Write positive and negative short answers.

1. Are you married? 2. Is your father tall? 3. Is it cold today? 4. Are you an engineer? 5. Are you hungry? 6. Is it light now? 7. Is your mother a manager? 8. Are you thirsty? 9. Is it sunny? 10. Is your grandfather a pensioner? 11. Is Madonna your favourite singer? 12. Is Agatha Christie from Great Britain?

Ex. 7. Put in am, is, are, was, were. Some sentences are present and some are past.

1. Last year their son … 26, so he … 27 now. 2. Today the weather … nice, but yesterday it … cold. 3. I … cold. Can I have something to drink? 4. I … hungry last night, so I had something to eat. 5. Where … you at 10 o’clock last Sunday morning? 6. Don’t buy those shoes. They … too expensive. 7. Why … you so tired today? 8. We must go now. It … very late. 9. This time last year I … in England. 10. We … tired when we arrived home, so we went to bed. 11. “Where … the dogs?” “I don’t know. They … in the garden ten minutes ago. 12. Helen got married when she … 21 years old. 13. I called yesterday evening but you … not at home. Where … you? 14. My friends … at the office at 5 o’clock yesterday.

Ex. 8. Put in the verb to be in Present, Past or Future Simple.

1. My father ... a teacher. 2. He ... a pupil twen­ty years ago. 3. I ... a doctor when I grow up. 4. My sister ... not ... at home tomorrow. 5. She ... at school tomorrow. 6. ... you ... at home tomorrow? 7. ... your father at work yesterday? 8. My sister ... ill last week. 9. She ... not ill now. 10. Yesterday we ... at the theatre. 11. Where ... your mother now? — She ... in the kitchen. 12. Where ... you yesterday? — I ... at the cinema. 13. When I come home tomorrow, all my family ... at home. 14. ... your little sister in bed now? — Yes, she ... 15. ... you ... at school tomorrow? — Yes I ... . 16. When my granny ... young, she ... an actress. 17. My friend ... in Moscow now. 18. He ... in St. Petersburg to­morrow. 19. Where ... your books now? — They ... in my bag.

Ex. 9. Translate the sentences into English using the verb to be.

1. Мой брат сейчас в школе. 2. Мой брат был вчера в кино. 3. Мой брат будет завтра дома. 4. Ты будешь дома завтра? 5. Она была вчера в парке? 6. Он сейчас во дворе? 7. Где папа? 8. Где вы были вчера? 9. Где он будет завтра? 10. Мои книги были на столе. Где они сейчас? 11. Моя мама вчера не была на работе. Она была дома. 12. Мой друг не в парке. Он в школе. 13. Завтра в три часа Коля и Миша будут во дворе. 14. Мы не были на юге прошлым летом. Мы были в Москве. 15. Завтра мой дедушка будет в деревне. 16. Когда твоя сестра будет дома? 17. Ты бу­дешь летчиком? — Нет, я буду моряком. 18. Моя сестра была студенткой в прошлом году, а сейчас она врач. – Ты тоже будешь врачом? – Нет, я не буду врачом. Я буду менеджером.

2. Глагол “to have”

Present

Positive Form	Negative Form	General Question
I (we, they, you) have He (she, it) has I (we, they, you) have got He (she, it) has got	I (we, they, you) haven’t He (she, it) hasn’t I (we, they, you) don’t have He (she, it) doesn’t have I (we, they, you) haven’t got He (she, it) hasn’t got	Have I (we, they, you)? Has he (she, it)? Do I (we, they, you) have? Does he (she, it) have? Have I (we, they, you) got? Has he (she, it) got?

Общий вопрос (General Question) требует краткого ответа:

• Has your aunt (got) a car? – Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.

• Have you (got) a nephew? – Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

• Does he have a car? – Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive Question):

• She has two brothers, hasn’t she? She hasn’t any brothers, has she?

• She has got two brothers, hasn’t she? She hasn’t got any brothers, has she?

Специальный вопрос (Special Question):

• How many brothers has she (got)?

• How many brothers does she have?

Past

Positive Form	Negative Form	General Question
I had	I didn’t have	Did I have?

Общий вопрос (General Question) требует краткого ответа:

• Did she have an American car? – Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.

Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive Question):

• She had an American car, didn’t she? She didn’t have an American car, did she?

Специальный вопрос (Special Question):

• What car did she have?

Future

Positive Form	Negative Form	General Question
I will have	I won’t have	Will I have?

Общий вопрос (General Question) требует краткого ответа:

• Will she have a car? – Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.

Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive Question):

• She will have a car, won’t she? She won’t have a car, will she?

Специальный вопрос (Special Question):

• What will she have?

Глагол “to have” используется как составная часть следующих словосочетаний: to have dinner (breakfast, supper), to have tea (coffee), to have a bath (shower, a swim, a walk), to have a rest, to have a holiday, to have a good time, to have a look, to have a chat.

В этих словосочетаниях форма “have got” не используется. Для образования вопросительных и отрицательных форм используются вспомогательные глаголы “do”, “does”, “did”.

• Do you have tea or coffee for breakfast?

• Did you have a good time there?

• I don’t usually have a big breakfast.

• We didn’t have a rest yesterday.

• I won’t have supper tomorrow as I am on a diet.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Put in have got, has got, haven’t got, hasn’t got.

1. They like flowers. They … a lot of roses in their garden. 2. Jane … a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle. 3. Everybody likes Tom. He … a lot of friends. 4. Mr and Mrs Eastwood … two children, a boy and a girl. 5. I can’t open the door. I … a key. 6. Quick! Hurry! We … much time. 7. “What’s wrong?” “I … something in my eye”. 8. Ben doesn’t read much. He … many books. 9. It’s a nice town. It … a very nice shopping centre. 10. “Where’s my newspaper?” – “I don’t know. I … it. 11. Julia wants to go on holiday but she … any money.

Ex. 2. Write questions.

Example: (you/a bicycle) – Have you got a bicycle?

1. (you/a computer) – … . 2. (your father/a car) – … . 3. (Carol/many friends) – … . 4. (Mr and Mrs Lewis/any children) – … . 5. (how much money/you) – … . 6. (what kind of car/John) – … .

Ex. 3. Write negative sentences with “have”. Some are present (can’t) and some are past (couldn’t)

Examples: 1. I can’t make a phone call. (a telephone) – I haven’t got a telephone. 2. I couldn’t read the notice. (my glasses) – I didn’t have my glasses.

1. I can’t climb up onto the roof. (a ladder). – … . 2. We couldn’t visit the museum. (enough time) – … . 3. He couldn’t find his way to our house. (a map) – … . 4. She can’t pay her bills. (any money) – … . 5. I couldn’t make an omelette. (any eggs) – … . 6. I can’t get into the house. (my key) – … . 7. They couldn’t take any photographs. (a camera) – … . 8. We couldn’t go out in the rain. (an umbrella) – … .

Ex. 4. Complete these sentences using the most suitable expressions. Put the verb into the correct form where necessary.

To have a party, to have a swim, to have a chat, to have a look, to have a nice time, to have a good flight, to have a bath, to have a rest

1. Jack likes to keep fit, so he has a swim every day. 2. We … last Friday. It was great – we invited lots of people. 3. “How often … ?” “Not often. I don’t like washing. 4. Excuse me, can I … at your newspaper, please? 5. You meet Tom at the airport. He has just arrived. You say: Hello, Tom! … ? 6. “Where’s Jim?” “He … in his room. He is very tired.” 7. I met Ann in the street yesterday. We stopped and … . 8. I haven’t seen you since you came back from holiday. … ?

Ex. 5. Put the sentences into the negative form, ask general, disjunctive and special questions.

1. Tom has got a lot of friends. (who, how many) 2. Helen has got a key to this door. (who, what) 3. They had a map. (who, what) 4. We had a busy day yesterday. (who, when, what day) 5. The students will have three lectures tomorrow. (who, how many lectures, when) 6. My brother has got a family. (who) 7. Our friends will have a party next weekend. (who, what, when)

Ex. 6. Translate into English.

1. У них есть три собаки и три кошки. 2. У нее зеленые глаза. 3. У моего брата черная машина. 4. У нас не было машины в прошлом году. 5. Мы хорошо провели время вчера. 6. У вас есть книги по истории Англии? 7. У него новые часы, не так ли? 8. Сколько у тебя братьев? 9. Они обычно обедают в 14.00. 10. Она очень общительная, у нее много друзей. 11. У меня есть два брата. 12. У моего друга есть собака. 13. У нас будет английский завтра. 14. У нее была хорошая ручка. 15. У нас завтра не будет занятий. 16. У нашей школы не было своего спортклуба в прошлом году. 17. У меня не было занятий вчера. 18. У нас была хорошая вечеринка вчера.