8. Cuisine

1. Cuisine. Food. Healthy eating.

2. Cuisine. National dieting.

3. Food problems.

1. Cuisine. Food. Healthy eating.

• Food terms.

bread: flour, dough, rich/unleavened dough, white/brown/rye bread, slice/loaf of bread, new/stale bread, cake, pancake, pie, toast;

cereals: grain, wheat, rice, corn, maize, oats;

poultry, game: chicken, duck, goose, turkey, rabbit;

meat: joint, beef, pork, mutton, veal, kidney, liver, stomach, tongue, chop, cutlet, venison;

sausages: salami, bacon, fat bacon, lean bacon, ham;

fish: carp, cod, hake, herring, mackerel, perch, plaice, sardine, salmon, trout, whiting;

seafood: crab, crayfish, cockles, prawns, shrimps, lobster, squid, mussels, oysters;

herbs: parsley rosemary thyme chives oregano tarragon sage

spices: curry, cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, mustard, pepper, salt, soda, vanilla, vinegar, oil, sauce, ketchup;

dairy products: milk, new/sour milk, cream, sour cream, butter, margarine, cheese, cottage cheese, egg, fried/scrambled eggs;

vegetables: tomato, cucumber, carrot, beet, potatoes, egg plant, marrow, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, green/red cabbage, lettuce, green peas, beans, radish, white radish, pumpkin, onion, garlic, leeks, pepper, dills, parsley, mushrooms, spinach, cucumber, courgettes (Am. Eng: zucchini), aubergines (Am. Eng: egg plants);

fruit, berries, nuts: grapes, raisin, apple, pear, plum, cherry, apricot, peach, pomegranate, lemon, orange, pine-apple, banana, melon, water melon, strawberry, raspberry, currant, gooseberry, blueberry, blackberry, cranberry, walnut, peanut, hazel nut, almond, seeds;

beverages: soft drinks, mineral water, juice, lemonade, beer, mug of beer, strong drinks, sherry, whisky, wine, champagne, tea, coffee, cocoa;

sweets: chocolates, box/bar of chocolates, ice-cream, jar of jam, marmalade, honey, pudding;

ways of cooking food: to peel, pare, grater, chop, mince the meat, beat up, turn over, probe, whip, fry, boil, fry, bake, roast, grill, to stew, barbecue, to season (to add herbs/spices/salt/pepper);

flavours and tastes: sweet/bitter/sour; hot, spicy/ mild, bland; salty/sugary, sickly (too much sugar); savoury (pleasant, slightly salty or with herbs), tasty/tasteless;

general appearance, presentation and quality: greasy (too much oil, fat), over-cooked/overdone/under-cooked/underdone, stodgy (heavy, hard to digest), to be done to a turn (just perfect, not overdone), more-ish (informal; you want to eat more);

courses and dishes – a typical menu: cold platter/appetizer, the first course, the main course, game, poultry, dessert, drinks;

meals: hungry, thirsty, to have a snack/bite, to have breakfast/dinner/supper; restaurant, cafeteria, café, fast-food pub or snack-bar, coffee shop, canteen; salad bar, buffet, a la carte, table d’hote; to help oneself to, help yourselves, to lay/set the table, to pay the bill, to split the bill, tip, to pass over;

tableware and cutlery: napkin, cup, saucer, tea set, bread plate, butter dish, sugar basin, mustard pot, pepper box, salt cellar, tea kettle, tea pot, coffee pot, china, tray, tablecloth, dinner plate, deep (soup) plate, dessert plate, bread basket, salad bowl, serving trolley, corkscrew, knife, fork, spoon, candelabrum, dessert spoon, salad spoon/fork;

kitchen utensils and appliances: mixing spoon, frying pan, blender, mixer, basket, mincer, toaster, pressure cooker.

Containers

Container	Usually made of	Typical contents
bag	cloth, paper, plastic	sweets, shopping, letters
barrel	wood, metal	wine, beer
basin	pottery, metal	ingredients for making a cake
basket	canes, rushes	shopping, clothing, waste paper
bottle	glass, plastic	milk, lemonade, wine
bowl	china, glass, wood	fruit, soup, sugar
box	cardboard, wood	matches, tools, toys, chocolate
bucket	metal, plastic	sand, water
can	tin	coca cola, beer
carton	card	milk, yoghurt
crate	wood, plastic	bottles
glass	glass	milk, lemonade, wine
jar	glass, pottery	jam, honey, olives, instant coffee
jug	pottery	milk, cream, water
mug	pottery	tea, coffee, cocoa
packet	card, paper	cigarettes, tea, biscuits, juice, cereal
pan	metal	food that is being cooked
pot	metal, pottery	food, plant
sack	cloth, plastic	coal, rubbish
tin	tin	peas, baked beans, fruit
tub	wood, zinc, card	flowers, rainwater, ice-cream
tube	soft metal, plastic	toothpaste, paint, ointment

• Find more food vocabulary at this site http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/, which is an archive of recipes. Choose a recipe that interests you and note down any vocabulary that is new to you.

• Read the following proverbs, comment on them.

1) “One man’s meat is another man’s poison.” /English proverb/

2) “Part of the secret of success in life is to eat what you like, and let the food fight it out inside you.” /Mark Twain/

3) “More die in the United States of too much food than too little.” /J.K. Galbraith/

4) “One should eat to live, not live to eat.” /Moliére/

5) “When we consume a large steak we are eating something that may have used up enough grain to keep a family in the drought-stricken areas of Africa for a week.” /Kenneth Mellanby, Can Britain Feed Itself?/

6) “Year by year, while the world’s population has increased, the food supply has increased more. (But)… supplies of nourishing food could be enormously increased if, in the richer countries of the world, people were prepared to eat some of the food they feed to their pigs and cattle… and to their pet dogs and cats.” /Dr Magnus Pyke, Hunger and Humanity/

• Here are some common ideas about food. Do you agree or disagree with them?

Eating carrots is good for the eyes. Fish is good for the brain. Eating cheese at night makes you dream. Garlic stops you getting colds. Drinking coffee stops you sleeping. Yoghurt makes you healthy. An apple a day keeps a doctor away. A hot milky drink helps you go to sleep. A cup of tea revives you. Guinness is good for you. Crusty bread makes your hair curl. Brown eggs taste better than white ones.

• At different times in different countries there have been different ideas of beauty. The rich would always want to look fat in a society where food was scarce and to look thin in a society where food was plentiful. The current interest in slimming is because of fashion as well as health. However, overeating causes a variety of illnesses.

Do you know what are they? Are you overweight/average/underweight? Does it worry you? Have you ever been on a diet? What did you eat? What foods should you eat if you want to lose weight? What should you eat if you want to put on weight?

• Healthy Eating