- •Чтение гласных букв
- •Личные и притяжательные местоимения
- •Образование множественного числа имён существительных
- •Порядок слов в английском предложении
- •Спряжение глагола to be (быть, существовать, являться; находиться) в Present Simple (настоящем времени)
- •Спряжение глагола to have got (иметь, обладать) в Present Simple (настоящем времени)
- •Оборот There is/are
- •Предлоги времени
English alphabet (the ABC)
Буква |
Название буквы |
Чтение буквы |
Буква |
Название буквы |
Чтение буквы |
Aa |
[ei] |
|
Nn |
[en] |
[n] |
Bb |
[bi:] |
[b] |
Oo |
[oυ] |
|
Cc |
[si:] |
[s], [k] |
Pp |
[pi:] |
[p] |
Dd |
[di:] |
[d] |
[kju:] |
|
|
Ee |
[i:] |
|
Rr |
[a:] |
[r] |
Ff |
[ef] |
[f] |
Ss |
[es] |
[s], [z] |
Gg |
[ʤi:] |
[g], [ʤ] |
Tt |
[ti:] |
[t] |
Hh |
[eiʧ] |
[h] |
Uu |
[ju:] |
|
Ii |
[ai] |
|
Vv |
[vi:] |
[v] |
Jj |
[ʤei] |
[ʤ] |
Ww |
[`dʌbl ju:] |
[w] |
Kk |
[kei] |
[k] |
Xx |
[eks] |
[ks], [gz] |
Ll |
[el] |
[l] |
Yy |
[wai] |
|
Mm |
[em] |
[m] |
Zz |
[zed] |
[z] |
Чтение гласных букв
Буква |
I тип чтения открытый слог |
II тип чтения закрытый слог |
III тип чтения гласная + r (+ согласная) |
IV тип чтения гласная + r + гласная (e, y) |
a |
[ei] name |
[æ] cat |
[a:] car, park |
[εз] care |
e |
[i:] me, Pete |
[e] bed |
[з:] her |
[iз] here |
i, y |
[ai] nine, pie, my, type |
[i] big, little, myth, `happy |
[з:] girl |
[aiз] fire, tyre |
o |
[oυ] no, stone |
[o] not |
[o:] sport |
[o:] more |
u |
[u:], [ju:] blue, tube |
[ʌ] bus |
[з:] turn |
[υз], [jυз] sure, cure |
1. [ e ] [ i: ] ee [ i: ] [e – i:]
bed [bed] meddle [medl] me [mi:] Pete [pi:t] meet [mi:t] Ned – need ten – teen
Ted [ted] fettle [fetl] be [bi:] eve [i:v] deep [di:p] met – meet men – me
ten [ten] nettle [netl] bee [bi:] Steve [sti:v] beef [bi:f] fell – feel bed – be
end [end] mettle [metl] fee [fi:] dene [di:n] feet [fi:t] den – dene bet – beet
2. [ i ] [i – i:] [ ai ] [ i – ai ]
it his six `silly `kitten pit – Pete bit – beet tie five by type tip – type
is him mix `lucky `pyxis bid – bede sit – seet pie nine my lyme pin – pie
in kiss pyx `silky `system mill – mele tin – teen lie hide fly dyne link – line
ill did lynx `tizzy `visit hill – hele fit – feet die title sky fyke bit – bite
3. [ei] ai / ay [ei] [æ] [æ – ei] [æ – e] ea [i:]
name table main may am man Dan – day mat – mate pan – pen sea deal
pane stable pain pay Ann flat sad – say lad – laid bad – bed tea please
late fable nail nay at bad pat – pay man – main man – men seal leave
mate able vain day apple plan back – bay back – bake Pat – pet mean `easy
4. [s – z] ck [k] th [θ] [s – θ] th [ ð ] y [ j ]
bis – biz neck peck fifth thank sink – think these them yet yipe
hiss – hizz back sick thin teeth sick – thick the then yip yede
kiss – fizz lack stick thick theme seem – theme this than yin yelp
miss – mizzle black tick myth faith sin – thin that bathe yes yell
5. [ o ] [ oυ ] oi / oy [ oı ] sh [∫] ch / tch [ʧ]
on not no note `open boy point she shock chin patch
off box so smoke alone toy boil shame shade chat match
odd spot hello tone `mobile foy moist sheet shop chess speech
ox top nose those `motive hoy soil shy shine catch `kitchen
6. c + i / e / y [s] [k] [ s – k]
cent `civil `icy can `vacant mice – Mick cist – cosh nice – Nick
face `pencil `bicycle cap cake cent – can cine – cly face – fact
ice cite `cycle cane fact celt – clap cill – clove lice – lick
cell `city cyst cop candle cede – clash civvy – clan voice - `vocal
7. [ju:] [u:] [ ʌ ] [υ] uy [ai] ph [f]
tune cube blue sun club `funny full buy phase phi`lology
tube mute clue bus fuss `sunny put guy phene re`phrase
use `student slue dub plus `lucky push cluy Phil `physics
tulip `music spue luck slum `muddy pull tuy phone phlox
8. [ʤ] [ʤ – j ] [g] g + e / i / y [ʤ] oo [u:] oo + k [u]
Jim Jake jet – yet go globe gin page gym spoon book
Jane Jeep jess – yes glad game gibe stage gybe too look
jam jinn jinny – yin grey glide gise bridge gyn school hook
joke join jeep – yede big green gippy gem gyve food took
9. [w] [w – v ] wr [r] wh [w] wh + o [h] qu [kw]
we went wave wain – vain write white which who quick queen
way wake wide wail – vail wrist whale while whom quack quest
well wait with wine – vine wrap wheel why whose quell quote
win weed waist weed – veep wreck when when whole quod quite
10. [r] ar [a:] are/ary [εз(r)] [a:] - [εз]
red rain arm card park fare dare Mary car – care
rax read car carm start hare care vary bar – bare
ripe risk bar farm lark mare stare wary far – fare
rock marry far bark yard rare bare `parents dark – dare
11. or [o:] ore, oor [o:] [a:] - [o:] ng [ŋ] [n – ŋ] ng [ŋg] nk [ŋk]
fork sort more door far – for bang win – wing `English ink
born port bore floor farm – form sing thin – thing `angry bank
corn short wore store barn – born long ran – rang angle think
torn forth tore score card – cord ring ban – bang `hungry sank
12. [з:] [з:]- [o:] ere [iз] ere [εз] ire [aiз] ure [jυз]
her sir fur burn – born here there fire tired pure
term girl burn turn – torn sere where tire shire cure
nerve bird turn firm – form mere quire fired mural
`certain third curse shirt – short cere mire desire mure
13. air [εз] i + ld/nd [ai] igh [ai] -er[з] a + l [o:l] a + lk [o:k]
vair hair child mind high right `summer `matter all talk
air chair wild find nigh light `sister `better small chalk
pair stair mild bind might night `letter `number salt walk
fair `prairie vild hind fight bright `butter `winter halt stalk
14.
w/wh/qu + a (II) [wo] w/qu + a (III) [wo:] au(gh)/(aw) [o:] a + th или s /n + согласная [a:]
what quall war quarter `autumn pass ask past dance path
was quant warm quartz `daughter class task last France bath
want quash ward quart taught glass mask fast chance lath
wash quad warn `quarrel saw hassle `basket `master answer father
15. ou [aυ] [ʌ ] ou + ld [ud] ought [o:t] ow [aυ] ow [oυ]
out round couple should bought now down snow `yellow
house found cousin would ought how brown low `Moscow
sound count country could brought row tower show `window
noun scout double thought town flower own `fellow
16. oa [oυ] ew [ju:] o + n/m/th [ʌ ] kn [n] wor [wз:] [з: - o:]
coat new son come `mother knife work work – walk
boat sew month some `brother knight world word – ward
float few done `company `other know word worm – warm
load stew `London become another knew worm
Control reading:
1. – 2. tell, tent, Ned, bell, Ed, dent, dell, bent, be, bede, feme, mete, tee, meet, feet, beed, leep, peel, peep, left, teem, Nell, mend, Len, Lee, tend, beet, dene, vet, veet, Bess, seed, Betty, seen, lend, settle, spell, pee, bye, style, vine, my, hive, size, type, skin, six, `sixty, fizz, hit, hint, five, `fifty, slide, like, pills, tin, fine, middle, pin, test, `missy, best, less, dive, seems, bite, beef, send, ebb, bee, mend, in`vite, nest, slim, slime
3. – 4. sad, dad, daddy, Ann, bay, stale, tale, day, nappy, tenth, and, sable, tax, faith, `native, man, name, May, tail, deal, tea, eat, mean, sea, lead, keen, keep, did, deed, fact, fate, faith, say, Spain, saint, tilt, title, dine, dye, slip, sleep, the, these, teeth, myth, bathe, 'gather, thank, sank, thin, sin, that, sat, think, sink, thick, sick, stick, pack, lack, back, black, yet, yes, yell, yak, yam, line, ink, bye, sky, peeve, sleeve, mail
Six thick thistle sticks. Six thick thistles stick.
Six sick slick slim sycamore saplings.
Don't pamper damp scamp tramps that camp under ramp lamps.
5. – 6. stone, no, zone, nose, lone, `focal, foe, fox, fob, dock, flock, `pocket, `noisy, foil, poison, boy, toy, ash, she, shy, shake, shelf, fish, shall, dish, `foppish, chose, chat, chain, cheese, match, patch, ship, chip, sheep, cheap, shop, chop, cit, city, cite, cete, cent, cess, `cecils, peace, ponce, pace, pice, lace, voice, clay, cat, clamp, coin, clan, cake, cash, catch, 'cosy, cone, cost, came, sick, neck, keep, toil, yoke, choice, clock
Listen to the local yokel yodel.
A noisy noise annoys an oyster.
Chop shops stock chops.
Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.
I slit the sheet, the sheet I slit, and on the slitted sheet I sit.
A bloke's back bike brake block broke.
Sarah sees a shot-silk sash shop full of shot-silk sashes as the sunshine shone on the side of the shot-silk sash shop.
7. – 8. plug, shut, but, must, chum, dull, bump, cup, `student, lune, cue, tube, puce, muse, fuse, `stupid, tube, phut, `phossy, `phantom, 'photo, josh, jole, joy, Joe, John, June, Ju'ly, jazz, jam, job, join, jell, yell, joke, yoke, jet, yet, bridge, gentle, cage, huge, gyps, gym, 'pygmy, big, gate, gamble, rag, gay, dog, guy, pig, egg, edge, `angel, angle, book, shook, room, fool, moon, `pupil, mice, stay, same, lump, buy, sphinx
A skunk sat on a stump and thunk the stump stunk, but the stump thunk the skunk stunk.
A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.
Give me the gift of a grip top sock: a drip-drape, ship-shape, tip-top sock.
Just think, that sphinx has a sphincter that stinks!
Frankly Frank flips fine flapjacks.
Crisp crusts crackle crunchily.
9. – 10. wife, wuff, way, wink, week, wit, wait, wave, wage, wine, vine, wet, vet, wail, vail, west, vest, woke, vote, wrist, wrack, wreck, whale, while, wheel, veal, quip, quake, quiz, quick, quill, quench, quid, wrote, whote, quote, write, white, quite, rain, read, rock, race, `ribbon, rose, ag'ree, rest, rope, green, jar, park, farce, sharp, smart, 'tardy, re'gard, `sarsen, mare, ware, dec'lare, part, pare, sharp, share, tart, tare, went, tea, twins, god, Jat, sale, jumble, grace, jock, joke, style, smash
Which witch wished which wicked wish?
A bloke's back bike brake block broke.
Six sharp smart sharks.
11. – 12. lord, tort, North, sport, spar, lore, lock, force, farce, store, stop, star, a'dore, serf, serve, germ, verse, stern, skirt, first, girl, birth, `thirsty, firm, form, shirt, short, curl, curve, churn, nurse, church, turn, torn, 'certain, 'curtain, ere, here, sphere, fire, spire, tired, de'sire, sure, pure, fury, spring, song, bang, bring, `going, `singing, `darling, single, angle, chute, bunch, gap, age, part, peace, case, change, `taking
We surely shall see the sun shine soon.
Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs.
Six shimmering sharks sharply striking shins.
She sells sea shells by the sea shore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells.
13 – 14. chair, air, hair, fair, lair, child, mild, find, kind, blind, night, might, light, `hunter, 'rubber, `silver, `river, summer, turner, waiter, reporter, all, ball, small, always, salt, walk, stalk, talk, chalk, what, was, watch, wash, quash, `quarry, `wharry, 'quarter, water, ward, wad, `warty, `wander, Paul, `author, caught, daughter, draw, dawn, 'awful, past, cast, ask, task, class, path, `father, last, chance, grass, trans'late, Steve
Nine nice night nurses nursing nicely.
On mules we find two legs behind and two we find before. We stand behind before we find what those behind be for.
You've no need to light a night-light on a light night like tonight, For a night-light's light's a slight light, and tonight's a night that's light.
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers? If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
Betty bought a bit of butter, better than her bitter butter, and she baked it in her batter, and the batter was not bitter.
Ned Nott was shot and Sam Shott was not.
Six slippery snails, slid slowly seaward.
Which wristwatches are Swiss wristwatches?
While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington's windows with warm washing water.
Who washed Washington's white woolen underwear when Washington's washer woman went west?
Old oily Ollie oils old oily autos.
I saw Esau kissing Kate. I saw Esau, he saw me, and she saw I saw Esau.
15. – 16. out, house, mouth, mouse, round, sound, about, shout, ground, south, ouch, `cloudy, now, cow, crowd, down, `mellow, 'yellow, 'fellow, 'Moscow, bowl, throw, coat, road, boat, float, load, 'payload, few, news, hew, pew, chew, front, ton, month, 'honey, once, 'onion, some, 'company, 'comfortable, a'nother, other, knife, knell, knit, knight, words, worst, worse, while, tired, drink, air, thank, wall, call, bald, salt
Thank the other three brothers of their father's mother's brother's side.
I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought.
The boot black bought the black boot back.
Ruby Rugby's brother bought and brought her back some rubber baby-buggy bumpers.
If Stu chews shoes, should Stu choose the shoes he chews?
Cows graze in groves on grass which grows in grooves in groves.
How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
fate, fat, far, fare, faint, fast, fall, fair, faught, sede, set, serd, sere, seard, file, fill, first, fired, fight, fie, tube, tub, turn, tured, tung, tuy, cure, cube, cup, curb, cuy, bone, born, `bottom, bore, boil, bowl, boat
Compose a noun: a verb + -er (Образуйте существительные: глагол + -er):
to tell – teller to meet – meeter to smoke – smoker
to use – user to jump – jumper to think – thinker
to eat – eater to make – maker to swim – swimmer
to pay – payer to play – player to send - sender
Form the nouns and translate them:
to fly, to thank, to open, to do, to leave, to joke, to help, to wait, to drive
Read, translate and remember:
to dictate – dictation to invite – invitation to translate – translation
to inform – information to declare – declaration to prepare – preparation
to demonstrate – demonstration to present – presentation to correct – correction
to transform – transformation to televise – television to discuss – discussion
to cooperate – cooperation to collect – collection
Form the adverbs from the adjectives with -ly [li]and translate them:
deep – deeply happy – happily sweet – sweetly
bad – badly easy – easily nice – nicely
sad – sadly noisy – noisily angry – angrily
shy – shyly short – shortly serious – seriously
Form adverbs with –ly and translate them into Russian: important, quick, glad, warm, slow, polite
Read, translate and remember (noun, participle):
to read – reading to end – ending to begin – beginning
to meet – meeting to drive – driving to swim – swimming
to feel – feeling to make – making to run – running
to jump – jumping to smoke – smoking to plan – planning
Form the nouns and participles from these verbs with –ing and translate them into Russian:
to eat, to use, to study, to joke, to drink, to leave, to wait, to clean, to teach, to finish, to write, to wash, to play, to invite, to jump, to help, to shut, to read, to leave, to run, to go, to begin, to clean, to study, to write, to look, to work, to build, to draw