Exercises

1. Remember the words and word-combinations.

to be provided by – обеспечиваться

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to be divided into – делиться

to deal with – иметь дело, касаться

status [‘steitəs] – статус

a former polytechnic – бывший политехнический институт

to accept = to admit

on the basis of “A” level results – на основе результатов экзаменов

продвинутого уровня

a tutorial system – система наставничества

an undergratuate course – курс для студентов

to take … years – занимать … лет

full-time study – дневное обучение

a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or Science – степень бокалавра гуманитарных или

естественных наук

a pestgraduate degree – ученая степень (присуждается после обучения в

аспирантуре или доктатуре)

Master of Philosophy – магистр гуманитарных наук

to be awarded for smth – присуждается за что-либо

to receive a grant – получать стипендию

Local Education Anthority – местный комитет по образованию

to cover the cost of smth – покрывать расходы на что-либо

living expenses – стоимость проживание

to make a contribution – зд.: возщместить часть расходов

to introduce a system of loans – ввести систему займов

2. Pay attention to the reading of the following words:

polytechnic [pɔli’teknik]; separate [‘seprit]; status [‘steitɘs]; medicine [‘medsin]; authority [ɔ:’ɵɔriti]; successful [sək’sesful]; final [fainəl]; bachelor [‘bætʃələ]; philosophy [fi’lɔsəfi]; residence [‘rezidəns]

3. Translate into English

1. В университеты принимают студентов в соответствии с результатами сдачи ими экзаменов продвинутого уровня.

2. Вузы Великобритании подразделяются на следующие типы: университеты (в том числе бывшие политехнические институты), колледжи и институты.

3. Обучение студентов обычно приводит к получению степени бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук.

4. Степень магистра присуждается за исследования в области гуманитарных или естественных наук.

5. Студенты получают стипендии от местных органов власти, которые обязательно покрывают стоимость обучения и иногда – стоимость проживания.

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6. Была введена система займов, и сейчас студенты должны возвращать стипендию.

4. Answer the questions:

1. What is necessary to go on to higher education?

2. What types of higher educational establishments are there in the U.K.?

3. What is the procedure of awarding degrees?

4. What are the conditions of receiving grants?

5. Can you cоmpare the system of higher education in the U.K. with the Russian оne? (taking into account the academic year, types of higher educational establishments, getting degrees, receiving a grant, ect.)

5. Make up a story about the system of Higher education in the u.K.

6. Use the situations in the conversation:

1. You work as a guide in the U.K. A group of Russian students has arrived to London. They are interested in British higher education and universities. What would you tell them about it?

2. An English student is at your university. What questions would you like to ask him about his study and higher education in Great Britain?

HISTORY OF UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE

Universities originated in Europe during the eleventh century, but they were not the first in the world. Perhaps, the University of Al-Azhar founded in Cairo in 970 is one of the oldest still operating universities in the world.

European universities developed from monastery schools and their development took place so slowly that it is difficult to know the point at which they became universities. Many scholars believe that the oldest European university is the University of Bologna [ba'lounja], Italy. It was founded in the late tenth century, but it had existed as a law school since 890. The University of Paris developed during the eleventh century. Many other universities appeared in Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

These first schools were founded largely to serve the professions. They provided the first unified teaching of law, medicine, and theology. The lessons were conducted in the Latin language, which the students were to speak even among themselves.

The oldest universities in Britain Oxford and Cambridge were founded in the Middle Ages. They have much in common and are, therefore, often spoken together, and are sometimes called collectively for convenience as Oxbridge. The word "college" originated later. There were no colleges in those early days and students' life was very different from what it is now. Students were of all ages and came from everywhere. When the students began to settle in Oxford in the 12th century they lived as they could, lodging in inns and with townsfolk, or grouping themselves together and renting a house for their use. The first college (Merton

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College) was founded in 1249 and it was associated only with the residence for students to lodge. Life in college was strict. Students were not allowed to play games, to sing or dance, to hunt or even to fish. Later, however, colleges developed into complete educational institutions.