Lesson 1

Text 1 Read and translate the text pay attention to the new words

Central heating

A central heating system provides warmth to the whole interior of a building (or portion of a building) from one point to multiple rooms. When combined with other systems in order to control the building climate, the whole system may be a HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) system.

Central heating differs from local heating in that the heat generation occurs in one place, such as a furnace room in a house or a mechanical room in a large building (though not necessarily at the "central" geometric point). The most common method of heat generation involves the combustion of fossil fuel in a furnace or boiler. The resultant heat then gets distributed: typically by forced-air through ductwork, by water circulating through pipes, or by steam fed through pipes. Increasingly, buildings utilize solar-powered heat sources, in which case the distribution system normally uses water circulation.

In much of northern Europe and in urban portions of Russia, where people seldom require air conditioning in homes due to the temperate climate, most new housing comes with central heating installed. Such areas normally use gas heaters, district heating, or oil-fired systems. In the western and southern United States natural-gas-fired central forced-air systems occur most commonly; these systems and central-boiler systems both occur in the far northern regions of the USA. Steam-heating systems, fired by coal, oil or gas, feature in the USA, Russia and Europe: primarily for larger buildings. Electrical heating systems occur less commonly and are only practical with low cost electricity or when geothermal heat pumps are used. Considering the combined system of central generating plant and electric resistance heating, the overall efficiency will be less than for direct use of fossil fuel for space heating.

Exercise 1

With the help of a dictionary find the meanings of the following words, write the down and memorize them.

A central heating system, provide, interior, multiple, combustion, fossil fuel, furnace, ductwork, feature, overall

Exercise 2 Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Центральна система опалення(ЦСО) забезпечує теплом всю будівлю. 2. ЦСО відрізняється від місцевого нагріву тим, що виділення тепла відбувається в одному місці, наприклад котельні. 3. Тепло розповсюджується через систему каналів, по воді, що циркулює по трубах. 4. Все більше будівель використовують сонячні батареї, як джерело тепла.

Exercise 3 Answer the questions

1What does a central heating system provide? 2. How does it differ from the local heating? 3. What does the most common method of heat generation involve? 4 Where do people normally use gas heaters? 5 Do people often use electrical heating systems?

Exercise 4 Continue the following sentences

1.A central heating system provides…

2. Central heating differs from local heating in…

3. The most common method of heat generation involves…

4. The resultant heat then gets distributed: typically by forced-air through ductwork….

5. . Increasingly, buildings utilize solar-powered heat……

6. . In the western and southern United States natural-gas-fired……

7. Electrical heating systems occur less commonly…..

8. Considering the combined system of central generating plant…….

TRANSLATOR’S FALSE FRIENDS

Words which are similar in form but different in meaning are called translator’s false friends.

"фальшивий друг" фальшивий переклад правильний переклад переклад фальшивої асоціації

activities активність діяльність activity

advocate адвокат прибічник, захисник attorney

actual актуальний фактичний topical

accurate охайний влучний neat, tidy

artist артист художник actor

aspirant аспірант претендент postgraduate

appellation апеляція назва appeal

partisan партизан захисник guerrilla

audience аудієнція глядачі hearing

focus фокус (трюк) увага trick

camera камера фотоапарат cell

colon колона двокрапка colomn

complexion комплекція колір обличчя physique

corpse корпус труп corps [ko:]

compositor композитор укладач в типографії composer

clay клей глина glue

criminal кримінал злочинець crime

stool стілець табурет tuffet

fable фабула байка plot

substantive субстантивний основний substantival

data дата дані date

decoration декорація знак відмінності, прикраса scenery

decade декада десятиріччя ten-day period

dynamic динамічний гнучкий, дієвий fast-moving

national administration нац. адміністрація нац. уряд authority

progress report доклад про прогрес доклад про хід работи -

subject суб’єкт питання, предмет person

fraction фракція дроб (матем.) faction

familiar фаміл’ярний відомий, знайомий hod-a-nob

bullion бульйон злиток beef-tea

balloon балон повітряна куля bottle, bulb

baton батон жезл, дубинка loaf

billet білет плашка; посада ticket, seat

mayor майор мер major

magazine магазин журнал store, shop

motorist моторист автолюбитель machinist, manipulator

motion моціон рух constitutional, walk