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Unit 17 World Customs Organization

8.1.3. Read the following words and their translation:

secure – обеспечить;

attain – достигать;

draft – черновик, проект;

amendment – поправка;

interpretation – толкование;

application – практическое применение;

intergovernmental – межправительственный;

as regards – что касается;

fraud – мошенничество;

theft – кража;

illicit – незаконный;

mutual – двусторонний, обоюдный;

combat – бороться.

8.2. Read the text and translate it using the dictionary. World Customs Organization

Customs officers are responsible for ensuring that imported and exported goods are properly identified, and seized if stolen or smuggled. The functions and legal powers of customs agencies vary from country to country. In 1950 the Customs Cooperation Council (now the World Customs Organization, or WCO) was established to secure "the highest degree of harmony and uniformity in customs systems."

The functions of the WCO include:

  1. proposing practical means of attaining this goal; preparing draft conventions and amendments to conventions and recommending their adoption by interested governments;

  2. making recommendations to ensure the uniform interpretation and application of conventions;

  3. ensuring the circulation of information regarding customs regulations and procedures;

  4. providing information or advice on customs matters to interested governments;

  5. cooperating with other intergovernmental organizations as regards matters within its competence.

The illicit traffic in cultural objects was one of the issues addressed by the Nairobi Convention of 1977 on Mutual Administrative Assistance for the Prevention, Investigation, and Repression of Customs Offences. The growth in cases of smuggling, fraud and theft involving works of art and antiquities invited members of the organization "to develop mutual administrative assistance in combating smuggling and other fraud involving works of art and antiquities," and emphasized the importance of "cooperation with the International Criminal Police organization (INTERPOL) and with the other authorities and organizations concerned."

The State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation also welcomed the initiative, and saw it as important for preventing the illegal import and export of cultural objects. The development of international guidelines, which will deal with the protection of cultural heritage of each nation, will improve the quality of cooperation among Customs Administrations in the field of combating illegal cross-border trade with these cultural objects.

8.2.1. Answer the following questions:

  1. What are customs officers responsible for?

  2. What is the World Customs Organization?

  3. When was it founded?

  4. What are its main functions?

  1. Is the State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation the member of the WCO? If it is so, then prove it by the facts from the text.

  2. Why are the illicit traffic of cultural objects are so important for the members of the WCO?

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