5. Task 3. Answer the following questions using the information of the text

1. What is terrorism?

2. What are the types of contemporary terrorism?

3. What are the main causes of recent terrorist acts?

4. What are the main features of modern terrorism?

5. What tactics do some terrorist organizations adhere to?

6. What categories of terrorist crimes may be distinguished by intention?

7. What do responses to terrorism include?

8. Is prevention of domestic terrorism a matter of the international community?

9. What conventions have the international efforts led to?

10. What categories of crime did the International conventions establish?

11. Which democratic countries pledged themselves to take joint actions against terrorism in 1987?

12. What did six industrial democratic countries promise?

13. When was the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy adopted?

14. Why are the Strategy and the annexed Plan of Action regarded as a unique global instrument?

Task 4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box

hijacking urban spectacular random runs counter to assassinations atrocities to spread to enforce obedience surveillance terrorist suspects quest abduction on the grounds assassination assailants trafficking worth intimidate ransom dealing hostages preemptive intelligence clandestine suicide bombing bystanders pledged annexed enhance adhere to capital assets

1. Terrorism is the sustained, ______ use of violence, including _______of passenger aircraft, political ________, kidnappings, ______ bombings to achieve a political purpose.

2. One important feature of modern terrorism is its ______ for ______ horror effects in order to attract media coverage.

3. Terrorism ______ like the destruction of civilian airlines and murder of helpless athletes at the 1972 Olympics and schoolchildren were committed to publicize a cause.

4. The tactics some terrorist organizations _______ are: hijacking, assassination, car bombing, _______, kidnapping, bioterrorism, cyber-terrorism, nuclear terrorism.

5. Terrorists seek to demoralize and paralyze their enemy with fear by making _______ attacks to injure or kill anyone who happens to be in the vicinity when an attack takes place.

6. As long as such crimes deny the unique ______ of the individual, being directed at innocent ________, terrorism is said to be a form of crime that _________ all morality.

7. Another tactic generating fear is the ________ and ________ of heads of state and members of governments in order to make others afraid of taking positions of leadership and so ________ a sense of insecurity.

8. Persons in responsible positions may be abducted or assassinated _________ that they are “representatives” of some institution or system to which their _______ are opposed

9. It is a common practice for leaders of terrorist organizations ________ and discipline by terrorizing their own members.

10. When governments engage in illegal and clandestine kidnapping or murder to _______ their people the term “state terrorism” is appropriate.

11. Bank robbery, kidnapping for ________, extortion, illegal arms _______, and drug _______ are among the principal crimes of this nature.

12. In the Middle East, _______ are frequently sold as _____ by one terrorist group to another.

13. Responses to terrorism may include ________ or reactive military action and increased _____ and _______ activities.

14. In 1987 seven industrial democratic countries ______ themselves to take joint actions against terrorism.

15. These democratic countries promised to deny ________ entry into their countries.

16. The Strategy – in the form of a Resolution and an _______ Plan of Action– is a unique global instrument that will ________ national, regional and international efforts to counter terrorism

Task 5. Mark the sentences as True or False

1. “Terrorism” is a term used to describe violence or other harmful acts committed first of all for social, psychological or ideological goals.

2. One of the causes of terrorism is a large-scale, unresolved economic conflict.

3. Besides, there are also sociological and psychological factors that cause recent terrorist acts.

4. Terrorist attacks are often targeted to maximize fear and avoid publicity.

5. Terrorists usually use explosives or poison, but there is also concern about terrorist attacks using weapons of mass destruction.

6. Another feature of modern terrorism is its domestic dimension.

7. There are three categories of terrorist crimes that may be distinguished not in legal terms, but by the consequences.

8. Creation of public fear may be done by making goal-seeking attacks to injure or kill anyone who happens to be in the vicinity when an attack takes place.

9. Another tactic generating fear is the abduction and assassination of ordinary people in order to spread a sense of insecurity.

10. It is a common practice for leaders of terrorist organizations to enforce obedience and discipline by terrorizing their own members.

11. Crimes are also committed by terrorist organizations in order to gain the means to support the community whose collective interests the terrorist organization claims to serve.

12. Responses to terrorism are broad in scope.

13. Prevention of international terrorism is a matter for local law enforcement agencies or security forces.

14. International terrorist crimes constituted a phenomenon of increasing concern to people of the world and made them seek measures to combat it.

15. In 1987 six industrial democratic countries pledged themselves to take joint actions against terrorism.

16. The Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy adopted by the UN Member States is a unique global instrument that will enhance national, regional and international efforts to counter terrorism.

Task 6. Translate the following:

Продолжительный, clandestine, suspect, random, по близости, bystanders, to run counter to, заставлять подчиниться, loyalty, запугивать, illegal arms dealing, заложник, quest for spectacular horror effects, terrorism atrocities, вымогательство, capacity to counter terrorism, основной капитал, suicide bombing, отделение территории, imposition of a form of government, несогласие с обществом, exposure to criminal activity, воспитание, preemptive military actions, permissive interrogation and detention policies, деятельность разведки и наблюдения (слежки), hijacking, террористический акт, kidnapping for ransom, похищение силой, противник, pledge, нелегальная торговля наркотиками, dedicated to, to slip.

Task 7. Match the words and word combinations with their Russian equivalents

sustained	поиск
clandestine	запугивать
suspect	скрытый, нелегальный, секретный
random	верность, преданность
in the vicinity	заложник
bystanders	террорист-смертник
run counter to	жестокость, зверство
to enforce obedience	отделение территории
loyalty	случайный, выбранный наугад
intimidate	подозреваемый
extortion	воспитание
illegal arms dealing	деятельность разведки и наблюдение
capacity to counter terrorism	разрешаемая, допустимая
capital assert	подвергаться воздействию, участвовать
hostage	в непосредственной близости
quest	неудовлетворенность, несогласие
atrocity	противоречить, идти вразрез
suicide bombing	приоритетный, преимущественный
secession of territory	заставлять подчиняться
imposition of a form of government	основной капитал
discontent	продолжительный
exposure to criminal activity	вымогательство
upbringing	установление формы правления
preemptive	свидетель, очевидец
permissive	способность противостоять терроризму
intelligence and surveillance activities	нелегальная торговля оружием

Task 8. Complete the sentences with the endings from the text

1. Terrorism is the sustained, clandestine use of violence, including…

2. Types of contemporary terrorism are as follows: …

3. Causes of terrorism are diverse. First of all, it is a…

4. Then there are sociological factors and psychological factors that also provoke …

5. One important feature of modern terrorism is its quest for …

6. Another feature of modern terrorism is its international …

7. The tactics some terrorist organizations adhere to are: …

8. There are three categories of terrorist crimes that may be distinguished not in …

9. First of all, it is the use of violence and the threat of violence to…

10. This may be done by making random attacks to injure or kill anyone who…

11. Another tactic generating fear is the abduction and assassination of heads of state and members of governments in order to make others be afraid of …

12. A second category of terrorist crime is actual rule by …

13. It is a common practice for leaders of terrorist organizations to enforce obedience and discipline by…

14. A community, whose collective interests the terrorist organization claims to serve, may be terrorized so that…

15. Thirdly, crimes are committed by terrorist organizations in order to gain the means for their …

16. Bank robbery, kidnapping for ransom, extortion, illegal arms dealing, and drug trafficking are among the principal …

17. From the1960s international terrorist crimes constituted a phenomenon of increasing concern to people of the world and …

18. The practical steps the countries agreed on include measures ranging from strengthening state capacity to counter terrorist threats to …

Task 9. Choose the correct variant

1. a) Terrorism is the sustained, clandestine use of violence, including hijacking of passenger aircraft, political assassinations, kidnappings, urban bombings to achieve a political purpose. b) Terrorism is the sustained, clandestine use of violence, including hijacking of passenger aircraft, political assassinations, kidnappings, urban bombings to achieve an ideological purpose.

2. a) One important feature of modern terrorism is its quest for spectacular horror effects in order to distract media coverage.

b) One important feature of modern terrorism is its quest for spectacular horror effects in order to attract media coverage.

3. a) The tactics some terrorist organizations adhere to are: hijacking, assassination, car bombing, suicide bombing, kidnapping, bioterrorism, cyber-terrorism, nuclear terrorism, etc. b) The tactics some terrorist organizations ignore to use are: hijacking, assassination, car bombing, suicide bombing, kidnapping, bioterrorism, cyber-terrorism, nuclear terrorism

4. a) As long as such crimes deny the unique worth of the individual, being directed at innocent bystanders, terrorism is said to be a form of crime that runs counter to all humanity.

b) As long as such crimes deny the unique worth of the individual, being directed at innocent bystanders, terrorism is said to be a form of crime that runs counter to all morality.

Task 10. Give examples of the types of contemporary terrorism

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________­­­­­­­­­­­­­______________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________________________

6. ________________________________________________________________________

7. ________________________________________________________________________

8. ________________________________________________________________________

Task 11. Give examples of causes of terrorism atrocities

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

Task 12. Give examples of the features and tactics the contemporary terrorists use

a) features

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

b) tactics

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________________________

6. ________________________________________________________________________

7. ________________________________________________________________________

8. ________________________________________________________________________

Task 13. Define three categories of terrorist crimes

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

Task 14. Give examples of the measures the local law enforcement agencies and security forces undertake in order to counter terrorism

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________________________

Task 15. Give examples of the International Conventions, other international documents and joint actions aimed at better coordinating counter-terrorism activities

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________________________

Task 16. Translate into English:

Законодательства по борьбе с терроризмом имеются и на национальном и на международном уровнях. После терактов 11 сентября 2001 года многие страны обнаружили, что их законодательство или вовсе не содержит специального закона о борьбе с терроризмом, или законы эти не отвечают требованиям сегодняшнего дня.

В Европейском Союзе всего лишь несколько стран имеют законы, карающие за терроризм. По мнению специалистов, наилучший закон о борьбе с терроризмом имеет Великобритания, принятый в 2000 году. В этом законе терроризм определяется, как «угроза действием с целью повлиять на решение правительства, либо запугать людей по политическим, религиозным или идеологическим соображениям». В числе действий, попадающих под закон о терроризме,- « угроза жизни, серьезная угроза здоровью и безопасности населения, нанесение серьезного ущерба собственности».

Несмотря на то, что терроризм как международное явление сформировался сравнительно недавно, мировое сообщество уже накопило большой опыт в сфере законодательного обеспечения борьбы с ним. Еще перед второй мировой войной под эгидой Лиги Наций была разработана Конвенция о создании Международного суда (1937 г.). По разным причинам договоренности не реализовывались, но были выработаны такие понятия, как «международный терроризм», «механизм преследования террористов за пределами национальных границ», «выдача террористов». В Конвенции о предотвращении терроризма и наказания за террористические действия впервые было указано на необходимость сочетания международно-правовых норм и национального законодательства по борьбе с терроризмом.

В настоящее время имеется развитая, многосторонняя система сотрудничества государств по борьбе с терроризмом под эгидой ООН. Действует 11 Конвенций и протоколов о защите от терроризма на земле, в воздухе и на море.

Task 17. Discuss the following questions:

1. Do you think that the danger of international terrorism, whether from Al-Qaeda or other related groups, has not diminished and may well have increased?

2. Do you agree that much greater effort needs to be made to communicate effectively with the Arab and Islamic world in order to bridge the gulf of mistrust that feeds into international terrorism?

3. What measures should be taken to prevent and combat terrorism in your opinion?

4. What is the impact of terrorism on the development of globalization?

5. What are the arguments for seeing terrorism as a global actor?