Synonyms

We often use synonyms in conversation because we don’t want to repeat words.

Complete the following conversation using an adjective of similar meaning from the box.

Annoyed fed up generous handsome marvellous messy modern wealthy

1. Mary’s family is very rich. – Well, I knew her uncle was _________.

2. Look at these new buildings! – Yes, the city is much more ________ than I expected.

3. Her boyfriend is really good-looking. – Well, he is certainly _________.

4. Wasn’t that film wonderful? – Yes, it was ______________.

5. George doesn’t earn much money, but he is so kind. – He’s very ________ to his friends.

6. Her bedroom’s really untidy today! – I told her it was _____ yesterday and she promised to clean it.

7. Was Sarah angry when you told her? – Yes. She looked really _________.

8. I’m bored with this lesson! – I know, I’m really _______ with it, too.

Antonyms

We can also use antonyms in conversation to avoid repeating words.

Match the following adjectives with their opposites in the previous exercise.

Awful ____________

Interested ____________

Mean ____________

Old ____________

Poor ____________

Pleased ____________

Tidy ____________

Ugly ____________

Adjectives can have positive and negative meaning.

Sometimes we try to be polite by not using a negative adjective, but using not very + positive

Try to be polite.

1. Tom is short.

2. John is mean.

3. Her house is always messy.

4. He looks miserable.

5. His sister is stupid.

6. He is so rude.

7. This teacher is boring.

Exercise 1

Memories – Linda Carr

We shocked our parents. We used to do things that they never did. We wore mini-skirts, we went dancing at discos, and we went to pop concerts. I got tickets to a Beatles concert in 1965 and I traveled all the way to Liverpool to see them. My parents bought me a record player for my fourteenth birthday. My friends and I listened to the records nearly every night. We didn’t watch TV much, but our parents did.

Our family had a Mini and we once went camping to France in it.

When we were students we wanted to change the world. We said “Make love not War”. We often marched to ban the bomb. In 1968 there were students revolutions in many parts if the world. So many things happened in 60s: President Kennedy was killed in 1963, they landed on the moon in ’69, and they built this Berlin Wall in 1961. I’m pleased some things changed!

1. What did she do that shocked her parents?

2. What did she do in 1965?

3. What did she and her friends do in their free time?

4. What did her parents do in their free time?

5. How did the students try to change the world?

6. What are some important days of the 60s?

Exercise 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the word in brackets.

1. People _____________________________ (think) that the Earth was flat.

2. ___________________________________________ (you/believe) in Santa Claus?

3. The Sahara Desert _________________ (not/ be) sandy, it _______________ (be) green.

4. Where _____ you ____________________ (spend) your holidays when you were a child.

5. _______________________________ (the River Thames/freeze) when it was very cold?

6. Our grandparents _____________________________ (nor have) CDs or mobile phones.

Exercise 3 Choose the correct answer. If both answers are possible, choose both.

1__________ Britney Spear’s life ____________ very difficult when she was young? Yes! She 2 _________________ gymnastics when she was a young girl and she 3 __________________ in tournaments in Louisiana. She also 4 ________---_________ in dance shows and, one night, she 5 ________________ in her local church. At that time, she 6 __________________ professionally. She also 7 ____________________ in a Disney programme on TV for two years. She 8 _______________ her first solo record in 1998 and she’s been famous since then.

1. a. Was 5. a. sang

b. Did ……. use to be b. used to sing

2. a. started 6. a. didn’t sing

b. used to start b. didn’t use to sing

3. a. competed 7. a. appeared

b. used to compete b. used to appear

4. a. performed 8. a. released

b. used to perform b. used to release

Exercise 4 Rewrite the text using used to or didn’t use to

Life was very difficult 200 years ago. Most houses didn’t have bathrooms or water inside. There weren’t any radiators to keep the house warm. Winters were freezing so people wore lots of clothes. In the evening they sat round the fire and told stories because there was no electricity.

Exercise 5 Complete the text with correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

Use used to or didn’t use to where possible.

Brad Pitt

Brad Pitt __________________ (live) in Oklahoma when he was a child. When he was younger he ________________ (dream) about being an actor so he ________________(move) to Los Angeles in 1985. However, he _________________ (not succeed) immediately. In the beginning, he ___________________ (work) for a restaurant and he ________________(have to) wear a big chicken costume to advertise the restaurant! Finally, in 1988 he _____________(get) his first film part, but he ______________________(not become) famous until he ________________(star) in Thelma and Louise.

Exercise 6 Write your sentences using used to and didn’t use to about

when you were younger. Use the ideas.

love believe be frightened of have hate like play listen to vegetables monsters spiders favourite toy computer iPod MP3 player mobile phone

1. I used to hate vegetables when I was young.

Exercise 7 Translate into English.

1. Раньше Мэри ходила в школу вместе со мной, а сейчас она учится в 10 школе.

2. Он раньше много пил и курил, а сейчас занимается спортом.

3. У него раньше было несколько домов.

4. Какие мультики ты раньше смотрел?

5. Моя бабушка раньше работала.

6. Он хорошо говорит по-русски, потому что раньше жил в России.

7. Раньше я не любил овощей.

8. Раньше я никогда не вставал до 6 утра.

Exercise 8 Translate into English.

1. Мы оба родились в один и тот же день.

2. Это невероятно! Наш день рождения в один и тот же день.

3. Они очень похожи.

4. Я единственный ребенок в семье.

5. Он помешан на спорте.

6. Ее родители разведены.

7. Он надеется поступить в университет.

8. Что ты делаешь в свободное время?

9. В действительности, у меня нет никакого хобби.

10. Я довольно таки много играю в компьютерные игры и слушаю музыку.

11. Он разговаривает с директором.

Exercise 9 Translate into English.

1. Мои родители думают, что я ленивый, потому что я не помогаю им по дому.

2. В школе учителя считают меня трудолюбивым. Я всегда выполняю всю домашнюю работу.

3. Ты когда-нибудь пробовал связаться со своими друзьями по детскому саду?

4. Мы не часто видимся, но все равно остались друзьями.

5. Она очень честна, никогда не лжет.

6. Могут твои друзья положиться на тебя.

7. Твое настроение часто меняется?

Exercise 10Translate into English

1. Когда у меня проблемы я рассказываю о них моим друзьям и очень редко маме. Мои родители не понимают меня.

2. Что тебя больше всего волнует?

3. Большинство подростков не могут поговорить с родителями о своих самых важных проблемах.

4. Поддержка моих родителей очень важна для меня.

5. Многие подростки говорят, что они любят своих родителей, потому что они дают им деньги на карманные расходы.

6. Многие родители не уважают мнения своих детей.

7. Мои родители обращаются со мной как с ребенком.

8. Терпеть не могу, как одеваются мои родители!

9. Подростков всегда волнует их внешность.

10. Мои родители очень строгие.

11. 40% подростков не могут поговорить со своими родителями о серьезных проблемах, алкоголе, наркотиках.

Exercise 11 Translate into English.

1. Джеки уехала в Лондон, потому что хотела стать профессиональной танцовщицей.

2. Лучшие университеты находятся в столице.

3. Жизнь в большом городе интересней. Она безопасна, если ты осторожен.

4. Она живет со своим парнем, а он не работает. Она зарабатывает деньги, работая в ночном клубе.

5. Она звонит родителям каждые выходные, а когда идет в художественную галерею или музей всегда посылает им открытки.

6. Я не хочу жить в маленьком городе всю оставшуюся жизнь.

Unit 2

Exercise 12 Translate into English.

1. Для этой работы нужен хороший английский и знание компьютера.

2. Перед собеседованием вышлите нам по факсу свое резюме и сопроводительное письмо.

3. Должностные обязанности включают в себя знание ассортимента на складе и знание ПК.

4. Наша фирма дает прекрасные возможности для карьерного роста.

5. Хотите заработать $4000 в месяц и посетить экзотические страны? Наша фирма предоставит вам такую возможность. Это работа на круизных судах. Мы также предоставляем бесплатное обучение персонала.

Exercise 13

Read the texts about these three people. They are talking about what they want to be in life.

Angela Duffy is a schoolgirl from Brighton. She wants to be a doctor. “I’m going to medical school next year. It’s a long course – about six years – but I’m going to work very hard. It’s a difficult job, but I like working with people, and I like the idea of working in a caring profession.” She says that later she would like to specialize and perhaps be a pediatrician. “I like children, and looking after them would be wonderful.”

Pippa Wilson is studying marketing at university. She enjoys traveling, and would probably like to work for a tour company. “I’m not sure yet exactly what I what to do. After university I’m going to have a year off, and I’m going round the world with another girl. We hope to find work on the way.”

Steve Barnes wants to be a chef. His favourite room in the house is the kitchen, where he spends most of the day. “I love cooking, especially for lots of people. I have over a hundred cook books.” He’s going to work in a restaurant in Paris, where he hopes to learn how to prepare sauces. “English people really don’t know how to cook imaginatively,” he says, “but we have the best ingredients in the world. One day I’d like to have my own restaurant.”

Fill in the chart about these three people.

	Ambitions	Reasons	What is he/she going to do?
Angela
Steve
Pippa
You

Exercise 14 Write 4 sentences about these people.

Example: John thinks his job is boring. (He likes acting).

He wants to find another job.

He would like to work in the theatre.

He is going to drama school.

He hopes to be famous one day.

1. Peter and Janet are planning their winter holiday. (They like skiing).

2. Ruth doesn’t want to live in the centre of the town any more.

3. Alice is looking at advertisements for second-hand cars. (She doesn’t have any money).

4. Jorge (from Madrid) is studying hotel management. He is also learning English.

5. Clara (aged 15) is a brilliant tennis player. She practices every day.

6. David and Beth are very much in love.

7. Joanna (from England) is doing a course to train to be an English language teacher. (She loves South America).

Exercise 15 Ask and answer questions about your plans and ambitions.

Exercise 16 Make sentences with going to and planning to

1. Ian / plan / be a journalist.

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. We / not go to / study French.

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. I / go to / have a gap year.

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Mark and Simon / plan / to Italy.

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. She / not plan / do Art.

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. They / go to / go to university.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 17 Complete sentences.

1. James ____________________(would like / be) a lawyer.

2. Kate ______________________(want / study) Art at university.

3. We _______________________(would like / learn) another skill.

4. John ______________________(not want / have) a gap year.

5. They ______________________(not want / go) to university.

Exercise 18 Put the words in the correct order.

1. planning / go / to / you / to / university / are?

2. you / what / going / study / to / are?

3. have / like / you / to / would / year / a / gap?

4. English / are / to / planning / use / in / you / future / the?

5. would / to / visit / like / you / where?

6. be / do / to / want / the / you / in / what / future?

Exercise 19 Make sentences about wishes and intentions.

Intentions Wishes

travel for three months travel around Asia

not go straight to university work for a charity organization

have a gap year study geography at university

Exercise 20 Complete the dialogue using going to or would like

D: Hi, Simon! I passed all my exams!

S: That’s fantastic! So, what are your plans? What ______ you _____________ (do) now?

D: Well, I’ve got a place at university next year. I _________________ (not go) this year because I __________________ (take) a gap year first.

S: Oh, really? What ________________ (do)?

D: Well, I’m not sure. I think I will go to France for a few months because I _____________ (study) French at university, you know.

S: Sounds great.

D: But I haven’t got much money, so I ______________ (find) a job in France. Maybe you could help me, Simon?

S: Sure. What ________________________ (do) here? Have you got any ideas?

D: Well, I’m not sure. I ________________ (work) in a bar or a shop to practice my French.

S: Great. I got a job last week, I ____________________ (work) in a friend’s shop for the summer. I’ll ask if there’s a job for you too.

D: That’s fantastic, Simon.

S: I’ll phone you next week. Bye for now.

D: Bye!

Exercise 21 Complete the leaflet with the words from the box

write your CV earn some money an application form adverts go for an interview fill in receive

JOBS AND WORK

Look through the __________ in your local newspaper or on job websites.

Make a list of all the jobs you think are interesting and then ________________.

If possible, phone up the companies and ask for __________________.

After you _________________ an application form ask someone to check it for you.

When you _________________ wear smart clothes, it’s important to look well-dressed. Remember to be on time!

When you ___________________ a job offer, phone the company to accept or refuse the offer.

After you start work and ___________________ it’s a good idea to save some every month – don’t spend it all!

Exercise 22 Put the verbs in brackets into gerund or infinitive

1. I don’t mind _________ (study) hard if it helps me to get a good job.

2. Clara expects ___________ (do) well in her exams.

3. Jake doesn’t like _____________ (work) with numbers.

4. My friend hates _________________ (write) emails.

5. Mike would love __________________ (invite) Kate to the party.

6. Edward agreed _____________________ (write) the music for the film.

7. I can’t stand _____________________ (get up) very early.

8. I intended __________________ (ask) him, but I forgot.

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Verbs with infinitives

Agree He agreed to meet at 8.

Decide He decided to apply for a job.

Forget She forgot to post the letter.

Expect They didn’t expect to win.

Help Can you help me to move it?

Hope I hope to find a good job.

Intend I intended to ask him, but I forgot.

Learn I learned to use a computer.

Need You need to know what you want.

Plan She is planning to change jobs.

Refuse He refused to help them.

Try I tried to do the exercise, but I couldn’t.

Want We wanted to go to the concert.

Would love I would love to meet a famous actor.

Would like I’d like to find a job in my town.

Часто инфинитив используется после прилагательных: interesting, difficult, easy.

It isn’t easy to understand them

It is very difficult to get a good job without any experience.

It’s easy to travel abroad nowadays.

Verbs with gerunds

Can’t stand I can’t stand getting up early.

Dislike She dislikes studying at the weekend.

Don’t mind I don’t mind starting on a low salary.

Enjoy We enjoyed doing sport.

Finish She finished writing the email.

Give up He gave up asking her to go out with him.

Hate I hate being cold.

Like They like going to parties.

Love She loves shopping.

Miss I miss seeing you every day.

Stop He stopped reading this book.

Spend time She spends a lot of time reading.

After prepositions (at, about, by, etc.) we use the gerund.

Are you worried about getting a job?

He learned English by listening to pop songs.

После некоторых глаголов может употребляться как инфинитив, так и герундий.

Start He started learning English. He started to learn English

Begin It began to rain. It began raining.

Exercise 23 Translate into English.

1. Я ничего не имею против работы на свежем воздухе.

2. Я люблю работать с детьми.

3. Я терпеть не могу решать математические задачи.

4. Я бы хотел стать автомехаником. Я люблю машины.

5. Я хочу заработать много денег и открыть свой бизнес.

6. Я предпочитаю работать в большой компании, чем иметь свой собственный бизнес.

Exercise 24 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Hi, everyone! I’m Shannon from New York, I’m new to this website and I hope _______ (make)

a lot of friends who like _______ (do) the same things as me. I love _______ (draw) and ______ (paint) and really enjoy _______ (be) creative. I’m in my last year at school and I plan ________ (go) to art college next year. In the future I’d like _________ (work) as a graphic designer. I spend a lot of my free time ___________ (listen) to music from all over the world and I intend ___________ (visit) lots of countries when I start __________ (earn) money.

Exercise 25 Use the verbs below and write sentences about yourself.

enjoy can’t stand plan

love don’t mind need

Exercise 26 Jackie is telling her boyfriend Alex about a problem.

Complete the dialogue with gerunds or infinitives.

be teach practice learn leave help live do employ meet speak

J: Help! My parents are driving me crazy. I want __________home.

A: What? You enjoy _________ with them!

J: Usually…but last month they decided _______ a new nanny for my younger sister and I can’t stand ____________ with her.

A: Why not? You usually love ______________ new people.

J: Well, she’s Spanish and she only started __________ English last week. Now my parents expect me ________ her with her homework every night. I don’t mind ___________ it sometimes but they want me ____________to her all the time in English.

A: Look, you need __________ your Spanish. I’m sure she wouldn’t mind ___________you some Spanish too. You should talk to your parents.

J: Good idea! I will.

Exercise 27 Write the missing letters.

1. If there are v _ c _ n _ i _s at the supermarket, it means there are jobs there.

2. You read these in the newspaper when you are looking for a job: a _ _ _ r _ s.

3. Something you have to complete when you apply for a job: a _ p _ i _ _ t _ _ n f _ _ m.

4. In a job like this you only work for a small number of hours: p _ r _ - t _ _ e.

5. A meeting with people about a possible job: i _ t _ _ v _ _ w.

6. To say you are going to give a job to someone: o _ _ _ r.

7. To complete a form: f _ l _ _ n.

8. To get money from a job: e _ _ n.

Exercise 28 Put the words in bold into the correct form.

1. His job in a bank isn’t very interesting, but it’s __________. security

2. It’s difficult to relax when you have such a ___________ job. stress

3. Working with children is very ____________ for me. reward

4. Cristina is very ___________; she loves drawing pictures and writing stories. create

5. I’m sure film stars have a very ___________ life. glamour

Exercise 29 Underline the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. I earned a lot of money in my last job. The salary / application form was very good.

2. I’m looking for a stressful / temporary job this summer. I only want to work for two months.

3. I didn’t have any experience / employers when I started this job; I had to learn a lot.

4. I want a creative career / accountant because I live working with hands.

5. My employers / workers are great to work for. The manager is really good with people.

6. I have to work long hours and there is always too much work. My job is very glamorous / stressful.

7. I don’t earn much money because my job isn’t rewarding / well-paid, but I love my job!

Exercise 30 Find six words to describe jobs.

w	d	r	g	v	x	r	y	s
e	c	e	l	h	n	s	z	t
l	r	w	a	c	x	e	a	r
l	e	a	m	s	r	c	f	e
-	a	r	o	g	w	u	o	s
p	t	d	r	o	h	r	k	s
a	i	i	o	v	y	e	w	f
i	v	n	u	y	y	p	o	u
d	e	g	s	j	d	x	k	l

READING

1. Some unknown words.

intership – In America, an intership is a job that a student does for a short time to get career related work experience.

placement – a job which gives you experience of a particular type of work.

option – a choice you can make in a particular situation.

2. Match the headlines with the paragraphs. There is one extra.

1. What sorts of programmes are there?

2. What do we do?

3. How often do students take part in the programmes?

4. How can a gap year help me?

5. What is a gap year?

6. What are the jobs like?

3. Tick true or false.

1. ____ All European students now take gap years.

2. ____ The Center for Interim Programs works with one main organization.

3. ____ The Center for Interim Programs only has information about a few study programmes.

4. ____ It’s good way to find out what you do well.

5. ____ You can live with a family in another country on some programmes.

6. ____ You can earn a lot of money doing this kind of job.

Unit 3

Exercise 31 Read and translate the text. Answer the questions.

1. Are foreign languages compulsory in English and American schools? Is this the same in your country?

2. Which other subjects do English and American pupils study? Do you study them in your country?

3. What are the most popular subjects in England? What about your country?