Globalization

Before you read:

What have you heard about the globalization in TV and in the Internet?

Task 1: Pronounce the following words and word combination properly and translate them into Russian:

controversial issue, throughout the world, to observe, to unify, to interpret, to threaten [ ],threatening, multinationals, pursuit( ), profit, fear, environment [ ], [ ],prosperity, to get acquainted, consumer [ ], foreign, convenient, abundance [ ], cut-throat, to minimize, subsidiary [ ],reasonable [ ], peculiarity [ ], to impose, infant.

Task 2. Find the Russian equivalents:

1.controversial issue	1.подобно электричеству
2. like electricity	2. спорный вопрос
3. are unified into a single society	3.понимать по-разному
4. to interpret it in different ways	4. Они видят её как погоню крупных транснациональных корпораций за все более высокими прибылями.
5. a threatening word	5.объединяются в одно общество
6. It prompts visions of large multinationals in pursuit of ever-higher profits.	6.угрожающее слово
7.dominating the world	7. представлять угрозу окружающей среде и национальной культуре
8. to threaten the environment as well as national cultures	8. доминирующие в мире
9. to make the rich nations richer and the developing countries poorer	9. процветание и экономический рост
10. prosperity and economic growth	10. сделать богатые страны богаче, а развивающиеся страны беднее
11.is likely to be a hot potato for the twenty-first century	12.познакомиться с культурами других народов
13. to get acquainted with cultures of different nations	13. местное население
14. home-produced goods	14. трудоемкие части их производственного процесса
15. local people	15. станет, вероятно, горячей темой 21 века
16. labour-intensive part of their production process	16.товары отечественного производства
17.a relative abundance of labour	17.относительно большая численность рабочей силы
18.in order to minimize their costs	18. распределение рисков
19. risk-sharing	19. в целях минимизации своих издержек
20.with great amount of subsidiaries in various countries	20. жесткая конкуренция
21. cut-throat competition	21.с большим количеством филиалов в разных странах
22. one peculiarity should be admitted	22. расположить вредные для окружающей среды фабрики и заводы
23. to locate their harmful for the environment factories and works	23. одну особенность следует признать
24. to impose their customs and traditions on Asian people	24. использовать дешевую рабочую силу
25. to use cheap labour - force	25. навязать свои обычаи и традиции азиатским народам
26. to compete with multinational corporations	26. в последнюю очередь
27. infant industry	27.развивающаяся отрасль промышленности
28. the last but not least	28.конкурировать с транснациональными корпорациями

Read and translate the text:

Globalization is a controversial issue for business and governments throughout the world. We recognize globalization mainly through its effects. It's a bit like electricity - we cannot see it, but we certainly observe what it does.

Globalization can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. This process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces. It's a movement of people, goods, capital and ideas due to increased economic integration.

Globalization is a controversial issue mainly because different groups interpret it in different ways. For its opponents globalization is a threatening word. It prompts visions of large multinationals dominating the world in pursuit of ever-higher profits. Some groups fear that globalization threatens the environment as well as national cultures - they predict that it will make the rich nations richer and the developing countries even poorer than they are. But its supporters have another point of view. They believe that increasing and freer trade between nations will offer prosperity and economic growth for all countries and businesses.

So globalization is likely to be a hot potato for the twenty-first century.

As for advantages there it's possible to name next statements:

1. An opportunity to get acquainted with cultures of different nations

2. A variety of choice for consumers: when they can buy in their local stores and supermarkets not only home-produced goods but also foreign ones;

3. Transnational corporations create additional work places for local people, at the same it is convenient for these large corporations as well: they may locate the labour-intensive part of their production process in countries with a relative abundance of labour in order to minimize their costs;

4. Another point is risk-sharing. It's more reasonable to invest money not in one company but to create an international company with great amount of subsidiaries in various countries, so it won't have so serious consequences if one of them will not stand cut-throat competition;

5. This cut-throat competition in the local markets between domestic and foreign producers leads to production of high-quality goods.

The disadvantages of globalization are:

1. Pollution of the environment (and there one peculiarity should be admitted - developed countries try to locate their harmful for the environment factories and works not in their own countries but in developing countries).

2. Globalization destroys cultural identity, for example Europeans usually try to impose their customs and traditions on Asian people.

3. Multinational corporations prefer to use cheap labour-force of developing countries for instance in Asia. And at the same time they provide their workers with bad and sometimes even awful working conditions.

4. It's difficult for domestic producers to compete with multinational corporations especially if it's an infant industry.

The last but not least is that we don't actually know to what globalization can lead, we don't realize its consequences.