• Unit 6.

• 1. What impact are developments in information technology having on the way companies are organised, e.g. the use of video conferencing, which means people need to travel less?

• We use the term information technology or IT to refer to an entire industry. In actuality, information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information.

• The information technology department of a large company would be responsible for storing information, protecting information, processing the information, transmitting the information as necessary, and later retrieving information as necessary. All in all such effective working with information is the base of effective decisions for business.

• 2. How has the Internet changed the way you work or study?

• When the Internet was first introduced, it was primarily used for posting and sharing information by private users like me. You just got a new piece of software – a game, a cool application, whatever you needed. And you need not buy it at a store. Your friend can give it to you through your mail. People share software everyday – sometimes by downloading from Internet sites, sometimes by copying or lending CDs

• What about companies, they realized that the Internet could be a powerful tool for conducting business, and e-commerce was born. E-commerce is commercial (or business) activity that is conducted through networks and electronic devices, such as computers. There are many forms that e-commerce can take. Sometimes, the Internet is used for transactions with customers (e.g., selling products online, advertising via Websites or e-mail, etc.). It can be a powerful tool for market research and understanding customers. Other types of e-commerce activity include employees who

• work from remote locations using shared Intranet sites, e-mail, and videoconferencing.

• 3. Do you think that the concept of the 'e-lance economy' described in the article is mainly relevant to the usa or do you think it will work in other parts of the world too?

• E-commerce brings with it many business opportunities. Opportunities include the ability to

• reach customers internationally and serve them “24/7.” It means that business goes global and reach each country through the Internet. It can eliminate the need for retail stores, which can save

• companies money. The only limitation for e-lance commerce is the absence of Internet connection. In fact all countries are moving towards e-lance commerce, but at the same time, e-commerce poses threats of security, safety, and privacy – both for businesses and for customers. While opening markets of new customers, e-commerce also increases competition – since geographic borders are no longer an issue in doing business.

• 4. What are the implications for the way international managers will need to work in the future and also for the training and education they will need?

• In the future, as communica­tions technologies advance and networks become more efficient, the shift to e-lancing promises to accelerate. Should this happen, the dominant business organization of the future may not be a stable, per­manent corporation but rather a flexible network of individuals and small groups that might some­times exist for no more than a day or two. We will enter the age of the temporary company. That is why managers must be ready to adapt to new conditions quickly, get on well with their temporary subordinates and to build on necessary contacts easily.

• In such organizations, it is necessary to communicate with different sub-groups and overcome difficulties in effective communication. Communications training develops necessary skills for individuals to be effective in business.

Unit 7

1. I would like to take for example, Auchan: AUCHAN pays great attention to the safety and quality of its own products and products of suppliers. Thus we can meet the requirements of our customers and cause them confidence.

The company AUCHAN there is a two-tier system of control of the safety and quality of products. A wide range of goods from food products and goods for home to large household appliances and electronics.Our high quality goods at low prices.Brand products, at low prices.High quality at affordable prices. In this shops you will find the best choice of goods Auchan from all over the world (France, Italy, Spain, etc.).

"AUCHAN" offers you a wide assortment of the goods in the following categories: Cheap goods Own brands Imported goods

2. If we take our supermarkets line, for example, lets say :<Perekrestok> they don't offer that much ,realy , they don't have special old-aged pensioners asking if you need any help or no, haha, all what they have is their own product line, but not many customers buying it, its cheap, yeah, but it is not trusted that much as already known brands.

3. Ofcourse we can try to put this into any russiancompany , but will it be a success or no depends on the corporate culture itself and people working in it, especially people. So i can't say for sure would they feel comfortable or no.

Every organization has its own unique culture or value set. Most organizations don’t consciously try to create a certain culture. The culture of the organization is typically created unconsciously, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization. Walmart's international operations currently comprise 4,263 stores and 660,000 workers in 15 countries outside the United States. There are wholly owned operations in Argentina, Brazil, Canada,and the UK. With 2.1 million employees worldwide, the company is the largest private employer in the US and Mexico, and one of the largest in Canada. Important thing for this company is to spend a lot of time with your people and to communicate with them in a variety of ways. And a large part of it is demeanor. Sometimes we tend to lose sight of the fact that demeanor – the way you appear and the way you act – is a form of communication. We want our people to feel fulfilled and to be happy, and we want our management to radiate the demeanor that we are proud of our people, we are interested in them as individuals and we are interested in them outside the work force, including the good and bad things that happen to them as individuals.

In both of these examples, the top management of the companies were vigilant about maintaining their cultures. The behavior rules and boundaries are relatively clear and communicated often. However, this is not typical. I believe most organizations operate with a diversity of cultures. This is especially true considering the increasing worldwide mobility of people and cultures and values.

Unit 8

1. First of all a good manager must be a wise and a far seer person, turning his own interests into interests of others. Yes yes, doing the work by the hands of other people and doing it well. That's the main what a best manager should know how to do, how to force workers to do the job and not letting them to find out that you are forcing them.

2. Probably the skills i revealed up there.

3. It is well exposed in terms of philosophy of managing, but that's not serious realy. Personal qualities should be next : firmness in making decisions, be tricky, ability to distinguish false, and knowledge of a labor code.

4. Agree about Britain ones, it is very granted if you work in teams, they even have special rooms : for individual and party working. Can't say anything cool about other countries, didn't see how their companies work from inside.