Features of a banking system.

The banking system of CIS countries and Kazakhstan is characterized by a number of features. In the majority of CIS countries the credit and financial system is in intermediate situation between the old, rigid and monopolized system (The State Bank - specialized banks - branches) and two-level system (National Bank - commercial banks). In Kazakhstan it was in general created and the two-level banking system started to operate. The former special banks finance, as before, the regular customers (generally the state enterprises and the organizations and branches) and shareholders on preferential rates. This circumstance compels less powerful commercial banks to keep also rather preferential crediting in fight for the investors. More than 90 % of deposits of the population are on accounts in establishments of savings bank that is caused by high trust to it (is the unique bank safety of a contribution in which is guaranteed by the state), and also availability of its establishments. Savings bank - almost unique bank engaged crediting of individuals. New commercial banks, as a rule, aren't interested small in clients and not always wish to work with the population. The share of a contribution of the population in a passive of commercial banks steadily doesn't rise above 0,5 %. Recently however and they in search of available funds start to apply the new forms of work involving private investors, - fixed deposits, depositary and savings certificates, bills, actions, bonds.

The sphere of settlement service of legal entities is less monopolized. For the big customers storing or passing through the accounts solid means, there is the real competitive fight.

Main type of active operations of the Kazakhstan commercial banks - crediting of legal entities (35-37 % of an asset). It is possible to allocate some regularities inherent in this type of bank activity. First, extremely high specific weight of the short-term credits (95-96 %) is characteristic, the tendency to growth of this indicator is invariable. Average term of the credits makes 3-4 months that is caused by a high risk level and uncertainty in a crisis and inflation condition. In the second, rates on the credits to the state enterprises below, than on the credits to alternative sector of economy, and on the credits for expansion and modernization production is lower, than on the credits for trading and purchasing actions. When crediting the enterprise of various forms of ownership various forms of ensuring recoverability of the loan are applied: insurance, reinsurance, guarantee, pledge, mortgaging. Investments belong to other types of operations of commercial banks in hard currency - (40 % of assets) and delivery of the interbank credits (2 % of assets). Didn't receive a wide circulation new types of bank operations: an investment in securities and shares (0,5-0,6 % of assets), trust operations, leasing. Besides the credits to economic organizations and banks, the considerable part of means of commercial banks is placed on correspondent and reserve accounts in National Bank and in cash desk (15-16 %). From sources of means of banks it is possible to allocate first of all funds on the current and settlement accounts of the enterprises, the credits of other banks, first of all National Bank, own means of banks. The minimum and maximum interest rates made on deposits respectively 100 and 180 %, on the commercial bank credits. Growth of interest rates on the credits is influenced by increase in discount rate of National Bank. So far there was a situation when banking institutions in Kazakhstan operate as universal banks, without relative specialization.

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