The Complex Object
a noun in the common case Verb + Infinitive
a pronoun in the objective case
The Complex Object is rendered into Russian by an object clause. The Complex Object is used in the following cases:
after verbs of sense perception:
to see
to hear DO smth (action)
to feel smb
to watch
to notice DOING smth (process)
to observe
E.g. I haven’t heard anyone call me (Wilde)
Я не слышал, чтобы кто-нибудь звал меня.
NB! After verbs of sense perception only the Indefinite Infinitive Active is used. If the meaning is passive we use Participle II.
E.g. I saw the fire slowly conquered. (Collins)
Я видел, как пожар постепенно потушили.
2) after verbs of inducement:
to let
to make smb DO smth
to have (in the meaning of “to make”)
to get smb to do smth (добиться)
E.g. Mr. Dalrympl had the drayman bring in the soap. (Dreiser)
Мистер Далримпл велел возчику внести мыло в дом.
Note: After the verb “to make” in the Passive Voice the Infinitive of the verb following it is used with the particle “to”:
E.g. I was made to get up early.
3) after verbs of mental activity:
to think
to believe
to consider
to expect
to understand
to suppose smb TO DO smth
to find
to know
E.g. I believe him to have no conscience at all. (Hardy)
Я считаю, что у него совсем нет совести.
4) after verbs of emotion:
to love
to like
to dislike smb TO DO smth
to hate
to respect
E.g. I dislike you to talk like that.
Я не люблю, когда вы так говорите.
5) after verbs of wish and intention:
to want
to wish
to mean
would like smb TO DO smth
to desire
to intend
E.g. I only want you to be ready for the trip.
Я хочу, чтобы ты был готов.
6) after verbs of declaring:
to declare
to pronounce smb TO DO smth
to state
E.g. She declared him to be the most disobedient child in existence.
Она заявила, что это самый непослушный ребенок на свете.
7) after verbs requiring a prepositional object:
to count out (upon)
to rely on (upon)
to look for smb TO DO smth
to listen to
to wait for
E.g. Can I count upon you to help me?
Могу я рассчитывать, что ты поможешь мне?
8) after verbs denoting order and permission:
to order
to allow
to suffer smb TO DO smth
to have
NB! Only if the object is expressed by a noun or pronoun denoting a lifeless thing or when the infinitive is passive.
E.g. She … had never allowed the name of John Gordon to pass her lips. (Trollope)
Она никогда не позволяла себе произносить имя Джона Гордона.
The Complex Subject
It is a construction of the infinitive and a noun in the common case and a pronoun in the nominative case; they are in predicate relation. The syntactical function of the infinitive here is a part of a compound verbal predicate.
E.g. Edith is said to resemble me. (Dickens)
Говорят, что Эдит похожа на меня.
The Complex Subject is used:
1. with, the fallowing pairs of synonyms:
to prove – to turn out; to happen - to chance; to seem - to appear
E.g. They seemed to have quite forgotten him already. (Hardy)
Они, казалось (по-видимому), уже совершенно забыли его.
2. after the phrases: to be likely, to be unlikely, to be sure, to be certain.
In this case only non-perfect infinitives are used with future reference.
E.g. The parish is not likely to quarrel with him for the right to keep the child. (Eliot)
Приход вряд ли будет оспаривать у него право содержать этого ребенка.
3. after verbs in the passive voice:
a) verbs of sense perception (to see, to hear, to watch, to feel, to notice etc.):
E.g. The rider was seen to disappear in the distance.
Видно было, как всадник скрылся вдали.
b) verbs of mental activity (to know, to think, to suppose, to expect etc): e.g. He is supposed** be leaving:
E.g. He was thought to be honest and kindly. (Dreiser)
Его считали честным и добрым человеком.
с) verbs of saying (to announce, to declare etc):
E.g. He is said to have returned at last.
Говорят, что он наконец-то вернулся.
d) the verb to make:
E.g. Little Abraham was aroused … and made to put on his clothes … (Hardy)
Маленького Эбрахама разбудили и заставили одеться.