ЗАДАНИЕ N 25 сообщить об ошибке Тема: Поисковое чтение с целью определения наличия в тексте запрашиваемой информации Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.                                                          Fashion 1. The concept of fashion implies a process of style change, because fashions in dress, as well as in furniture and other objects, have taken very different forms at different times in history. Most people follow fashion to some extent, because fashion refers to much more than the haute couture, the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading designers. Even schoolchildren are aware that fashions exist. Nevertheless, we do tend to distinguish between basic clothing, such as blue jeans, parkas and T-shirts, and the latest trendy fashions created by fashion designers. Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part. It has been influenced by wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts. Individual personalities have also had an impact on fashion. Royalty and heads of states have set fashion, and in the 20^th century media stars have emerged as leaders of fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he could come back to Earth 100 years after his death and have only one thing to read, he would choose a fashion magazine because that would show him the way people lived. 2. Fashion also has its critics, who have at times denounced fashion as irrational, frivolous, tyrannical, and immoral. Why should pink be in fashion one season and grey the next season? Why do people follow fashion like sheep when they have enough clothes already? A common accusation is that fashion designers accelerate fashion change to create new business. Yet no new fashion succeeds until people are ready to accept it. The final decision about what to buy, or whether to buy anything at all, belongs to the consumer. Ultimately, fashions change because many people like new and different styles. Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

			Fashion is often criticized for its rapid change.
			Fashion is considered to refer mostly to the haute couture.
			Fashion is absolutely free from the influence of the society.
			Most people think that fashion is frivolous and immoral.

  ЗАДАНИЕ N 26 сообщить об ошибке Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. Most people follow fashion because …

			they prefer new and different styles
			they want to have the exclusive and expensive clothes
			they want to have an impact on it
			they like to wear blue jeans and T-shirts

Решение: Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации и, прочитав текст, завершить утверждение согласно содержанию текста. Утверждение «Most people follow fashion because…» («Большинство людей следует моде, так как…») следует закончить вариантом ответа «they prefer new and different styles» («они предпочитают новые и разнообразные стили»), так как именно это утверждение соответствует содержанию текста. Согласно тексту: «Why do people follow fashion like sheep…? …many people like new and different styles» («Почему люди следуют за модой словно овцы? …многие люди любят новые и разнообразные стили») (фрагмент 2).

  ЗАДАНИЕ N 27 сообщить об ошибке Тема: Изучающее чтение с элементами анализа информации Ответьте на вопрос: What is the main thing that determines new fashion success?

			The main thing that determines new fashion success is people’s readiness to accept it.
			The main thing that determines new fashion success is consumer’s hesitation about what to buy.
			The main thing that determines new fashion success is severe fashion critics’ position.
			The main thing that determines new fashion success is people’s reading fashion magazines.

Решение: Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации при изучающем чтении, уметь анализировать получаемую информацию и, читая текст, находить ответ на поставленный вопрос. Правильный ответ на вопрос «Что является главным, определяющим в успехе новой моды?» – «People’s readiness to accept it» («Готовность людей принять ее»), поскольку, согласно тексту: «…no new fashion succeeds until people are ready to accept it» («…никакая новая мода не будет иметь успеха, пока люди не будут готовы принять ее») (фрагмент 2).

  ЗАДАНИЕ N 28 сообщить об ошибке Тема: Изучающее чтение с выделением главных компонентов содержания текста Определите основную идею текста.

			Fashion is a social phenomenon reflecting different aspects of people’s life.
			Fashion is popular as it helps people to break the monotony of their lives.
			Most people take great interest in fashion and usually try to follow it.
			Fashion is closely connected with the development of business.

Решение: Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации и, прочитав текст, выделить главные компоненты содержания текста, то есть определить основную идею текстовой информации. В тексте говорится о том, что мода отражает жизнь общества, частью которого она является («Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part» – фрагмент 1) и может наглядно продемонстрировать то, как живут люди («…a fashion magazine… would show… the way people lived» – фрагмент 1). Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа – «Fashion is a social phenomenon reflecting different aspects of people’s life» («Мода – это социальное явление, отражающее различные аспекты жизни народа»).

                                                        Renaissance 1. Renaissance, literally «rebirth», is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, traditionally held to have been characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass, and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation. 2. The term Middle Ages was coined by scholars in the 15^th century to designate the interval between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of their own century, a revival in which they felt they were participating. Indeed, the notion of a long period of cultural darkness had been expressed by Petrarch even earlier. Events at the end of the Middle Ages, particularly beginning in the 12^th century, caused a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance. These included the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire to provide a stable and unifying framework for the organization of spiritual and material life, the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies, the development of national languages, and the breakup of the old feudal structures.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

			The Renaissance is the revival of European civilization at the beginning of the 15th century.
			The Middle Ages is the period of the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce in Europe.
			The scholars and thinkers of the 15th century stated that they lived at the time of cultural decline and stagnation.
			The long period of cultural darkness in European civilization is associated with the Renaissance.

 ЗАДАНИЕ N 26 Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. The period of the Renaissance is remarkable for the great achievements in geography, such as the …

			discovery and exploration of new continents
			rediscovery of the classical world of Greece and Rome
			invention of paper and gunpowder
			revival of classical learning and wisdom

 ЗАДАНИЕ N 27 Ответьте на вопрос: What period in history is called the Middle Ages?

			The period of time between the downfall of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its rediscovery at the beginning of the 15th century is called the Middle Ages.
			The period of time characterized by the rise of interest in classical learning and values, the development of national languages is called the Middle Ages.
			The period of time when the Copernican system of astronomy was substituted for the Ptolemaic system, and many important discoveries were made is called the Middle Ages.
			The period of time when the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire lost their influence over the organization of spiritual and material life is called the Middle Ages.

Задание n 28 Определите основную идею текста.

			The Renaissance is the period of the culmination of great social, political and intellectual changes in European civilization.
			Powerful innovations, such as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass, and gunpowder were invented or applied in the Renaissance.
			The Renaissance is characterized by a rise of interest in classical learning and values in European civilization.
			The Renaissance witnessed the increasing role of city-states and national monarchies and the breakup of the old feudal structures.

Решение: Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации и, прочитав текст, выделить главные компоненты содержания текста, то есть определить основную идею текстовой информации. В тексте говорится о том, что в эпоху Возрождения в Европе произошли важнейшие перемены, которые затронули все стороны жизни («Events at the end of the Middle Ages… caused a series of social, political, and intellectual transformations that culminated in the Renaissance» – фрагмент 2). Таким образом, правильный вариант ответа – «The Renaissance is the period of the culmination of great social, political and intellectual changes in European civilization» («Ренессанс – это период кульминации великих социальных, политических и интеллектуальных изменений в европейской цивилизации»).

                                                           Family 1. The family, a basic social group united through bonds of kinship or marriage, has been present in all societies. Ideally, the family provides its members with protection, companionship, security, and socialization. The structure of the family and the needs that the family fulfils vary from society to society. The nuclear family – two adults and their children – is the main unit in some societies. In others, it is a subordinate part of an extended family, which also consists of grandparents and other relatives. A third family unit is the single-parent family, in which children live with an unmarried, divorced, or widowed mother or farther. 2. Historical studies have shown that family structure has been less changed by urbanization and industrialization than was once supposed. The nuclear family was the most prevalent pre-industrial unit and is still the basic unit of social organization. The modern family differs from earlier traditional forms, however, in its functions, composition, and life cycle and in the roles of husbands and wives. 3. The only function of the family that continues to survive all change is the provision of affection and emotional support by and to all its members, particularly infants and young children. Specialized institutions now perform many of the other functions that were once performed by the agrarian family: economic production, education, religion, and recreation. Jobs are usually separate from the family group; family members often work in different occupations and in locations away from the home. Education is provided by the state or by private groups. The family is still responsible for the socialization of children. Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

			As to the structure of the family, there are three different family units in the society.
			The modern family has the same functions as earlier traditional forms.
			The nuclear family consists of two adults, their children, and other relatives.
			One of the main functions of the modern family is to provide children with education.

Решение: Чтобы правильно выполнить задание, следует знать алгоритм обработки текстовой информации и, прочитав текст, определить наличие в тексте информации, соответствующей его содержанию. Утверждение «As to the structure of the family, there are three different family units in the society» («Что касается структуры семьи, в обществе существуют три различных типа семьи») соответствует содержанию текста: «The nuclear family… is the main unit in some societies. In others, it is a subordinate part of an extended family… A third family unit is the single-parent family…» («Полная семья… – это основной тип в некоторых обществах. В других – это составная часть большой семьи… Третий тип семьи – семья с одним родителем…») (фрагмент 1).

 ЗАДАНИЕ N 26 Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста. The main unit of social organization is associated with the …

			nuclear family
			single-parent family
			family consisting of many relatives
			agrarian family

 ЗАДАНИЕ N 27 Ответьте на вопрос: What function of the family is the most important?

			The most important function of the family is to provide its members with affection and emotional support.
			The most important function of the family is to provide its members with education, work, recreation and socialization.
			The most important function of the family is to perform economic production, education, religion, and recreation.
			The most important function of the family, as historical studies have shown, is to be the basic unit of social organization.