Vocabulary

Exercise 1.

Complete the phrases.

to meet	a multi-layered matt
in order to	of structural glues
with the advent	by a series of knives
to contribute	two thirds of the plywood used
a marked increase	by the benefits
to be far outweighed	improving the efficiency in use
to import	overcome
to suit	the needs
to be cut	end use
to built up	in the use of wood-based panels

Exercise 2.

Find the English equivalents to the following Russian.

Удовлетворять нуждам; для того, чтобы; с появлением чего-либо; перевешивать; к тому же; сделай сам; с добавкой чего-либо; подходить для конечного пользования; разрезать по длине; многослойный мат; недостатки; под воздействием температуры и давления; разная по размерам щепа; более широкий диапазон использования.

Exercise 3.

Choose the words from the text which have the similar meaning.

Requirements; to try; disadvantages; artificial; to work out; appearance; adhesives; advantages; production; rise; many-sided; building industry; to use; to make up; even.

Exercise 4.

Match the words in “A” with the explanation given in “B”.

A	B
glue	a kind of sticky substance made chemically, widely used in industry
to outweigh	small, light, leaf-like piece
versatile	satisfy, meet the needs, be convenient or right for
sheath	having various uses
flake	cover to protect
shavings	make complete or perfect; polish
to suit	building material made from compressed chips of waste wood, sawdust, etc. and glue.
resin	thin partings of wood shaved off
chipboard	hard brittle substance used when softened by heat for joining things (esp. wooden).
to finish	be greater in weight, value, importance.

Exercise 5.

Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.

1. The floor of the carpenter’s shop was covered with _____ . 2. The woodwork is beautifully _____, smoothed and polished. 3. With the advent of _____ it became possible to manufacture different forms of reconstituted wood. 4. The advantages of wood considerably _____ its disadvantages. 5. Composite wood products are made from wood disintegrated mechanically into chips and _____ and then bonded together under high pressure after the addition of a small amount of a synthetic resin adhesive. 5. It was only with the development in the 1930s of adhesives based on synthetic _____ that the field for composite wood products was widened. 7. Wood-based panels are very _____ and are used in many different industries. 8. The manufacture of ____ began in the 1940s and made it possible to utilize waste timber. 9. Wood-based materials are widely used for wall _____. 10. After the quality and finish were improved the chipboards could be designed to _____ end use.

Grammar

Exercise 1.

Define the parts of speech and translate the words into Russian.

Efficient; efficiency; consume; consumer; consumption; produce; producer; production; differ; different; difference; differentiate; define; definition; definite; suit; suitable; resist; resistant; resistance; long; length; lengthen; wide; widely; width; depend; dependent; dependence.

Exercise 2.

Fill in the correct word derived from the words in brackets using suffixes and prefixes.

1. (Produce) and (consume) data show a market increase in the use of wood-based products. 2. Multiply boards have an (even) number of piles. 3. The (strong) properties of plywood are (close) related to those of timbers from which it is made. 4. Plywood is chosen in place of solid timber when dimensional (stable) and good (resist) to splitting and checking are particularly important. 5. Over a quarter of the total (consume) of plywood is used for joinery and furniture. 6. Plywood is particularly (suit) for containers where its low weight and (stiff) give it distinct advantages over metal. 7. Grading of plywood is done according to the (appear) and finish of the exposed faces. 8. Board materials can be made to any required (wide), (thick) and (dense). 9. Any adhesive can only function properly if the wood is at a (suit) moisture content. 10. With the development of water (resist) glues the (useful) of plywood and the scope for its use in a great (vary) of situations has (great) increased the demand.

Exercise 3.

Differentiate between “ed”- forms, define their functions (predicate, part of predicate, attribute, adverbial modifier) and translate into Russian.

1. The density of wood used affects the strength properties of the paper produced. 2. Wood is dried to the required moisture content. 3. Ancient Romans used wood for construction purposes. 4. When dried properly wood can serve for a long time. 5. The damage caused by insects can be very strong. 6. Timber is destroyed if used under wet conditions without treatment. 7. Recently developed reconstituted forms of wood have found wide application in all spheres of our life. 8. Observations carried out indicated that the best quality birch in Ireland occurs in the southeast of the country. 9. Canada and Finland supplied about 300 m³ of plywood to the UK in 1970s. 10. Logs selected for peeling are debarked and then softened by steaming.

Exercise 4.

Fill in the gaps with modal verbs or their equivalents from the box.

shall be able to; may; had to; should; has to; could; will be able to; can

1. A tree _____ grow a long life before we _____ get lumber. 2. In the past man _____ use only hand tools to work up wood. 3. It _____ be noted that the properties of different species differ greatly. 4. Man _____ introduce new man-made forms of wood to overcome the shortcomings of timber. 5. Under these conditions you _____ grow a sound tree. 6. A particle board _____ be defined as a panel material manufactured under pressure and heat from particles of wood. 7. We _____ protect freshly sawed lumber from the attack of fungi and insect if we dry it.

Exercise 5.

Rephrase the sentences using the Infinitive Constructions as in the model.

Model:

We know that the first composite material manufactured on a large scale was plywood. - We know plywood to be the first composite material manufactured on a large scale. - Plywood is known to be the first composite material manufactured on a large scale.

1. It is supposed that new man-made forms of wood will help to overcome the shortcomings of timber. 2. We know that plywood has got a very original texture.

3. It is a well-known fact that glulam and plywood were developed with the advent of structural glues and rotary peeling process. 4. We know that reconstituted or composite wood is used in wood-based panels. 5. It was expected that the development of new man-made forms of wood would contribute much to improving the efficiency of the forest resource. 6. Practical experience shows that wood-based panels are very versatile and can be used in many different industries. 7. Experts supposed that chipboards would allow to utilize waste timber. 8. It is known that laminated constructions (glulam constructions) permit engineers to design shapes and sizes that cannot be achieved with solid timber.