- •Часть II
- •Д.Ю. Коновалов, ст. Преп. Каф. Безоп. Технол. Процессов и производств агту, кандидат с.-х. Наук
- •Ббк 81.2 англ – 92
- •Unit 1 Environmental Aspects of Timber
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Heat Conductivity of Wood
- •Answer the questions:
- •What properties of wood do you know?
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Heat Conductivity
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about.
- •Species of Trees and Their Application
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. The timber used was insufficiently seasoned.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Classification of Species
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Fireproofing
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Indicate the word combinations that:
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Inflammation of Wood
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Infinitive: Forms and Functions
- •Storage of Logs in Sawmill Yards
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •Speak about:
- •Infinitive Constructions: Complex Subject Complex Object
- •Timber Drying Methods
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Why Dry Lumber?
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Infinitive. Revision
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Specialists suppose that one hectare of coniferous forests sucks annually 30 tons of dust.
- •Everybody knows that wood is a renewable raw material.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. The Requirements to Hardwood Lumber Drying
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Revision
- •Wood-based panels – Plywood
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •III. Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Laminated Veneer Lumber and Other Structural Sections
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Unit 9 Revision
- •Wood-based panels: Fibreboard, Particle board
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Wood-Based Panels. Oriented Strand Board
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Unit 10 Revision
- •Sawmill Process
- •Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Sawing Machinery
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Contents
- •The List of Literature Used
- •Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Exercise 1.
Look through the list of words and group them into four categories: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.
generally; utilization; safely; emission; extractive; composition; allergic; biologically; difference; notable; differentiate; degradable; utilize; numerous; utilization; difference, safety.
Exercise 2.
Translate into Russian paying attention to suffixes and prefixes.
Evaluation; increasingly; consumer; approval; overexploitation; harmful; completely; to recycle; unsuitable; harmless; to replace; efficient; joinery; mainly; preservation.
Exercise 3.
Choose the right word paying attention to suffixes and prefixes.
The manufacture of timber produces a great amount of _____ and by-products.
waste
wasteless
wasteful
wastelessness
_____ kiln drying can protect timber from blue-stain.
Efficiently
Efficient
Efficiency
Inefficient
Wood provides us with a large _____ of products.
variety
various
vary
variable
Wood is _____ available all over the world.
wide
widen
width
widely
Wood is biologically _____ material causing no harm to the environment.
degrade
degradation
degradable
undegradable
New _____ technologies are used nowadays to produce wood products.
waste
wasteless
wasteful
wastelessness
3,000 million acres of the world’s forests are being _____exploited.
commerce
commercial
commercially
commercialize
The sapwood of the redwood is of an _____ creamy colour.
attractive
attraction
attract
attractively
The conversion of timber into _____ products does not require much energy.
useless
use
useful
usefulness
Wood shouldn’t be used _____.
wastefully
wasteful
wasteless
waste
Exercise 4.
Study the definitions of the following words and insert these words into the sentences given below.
by-product - |
something which is made during the manufacture or processing of another product. Some by-products are very useful in industry. |
volatile - |
a liquid or substance that will quickly change into a gas. |
reconstituted - |
formed again in a different way. |
additive - |
a substance which is added in small amounts to something in order to improve it, to make it better or to make it last longer. |
blue-stain - |
a stain is a mark which is difficult or impossible to remove; blue marks on the wood caused by fungi. |
Finish - |
1) make complete or perfect polish 2) the state of being finished or perfect; the manner in which something is finished. |
biodegradable - |
able to break or decompose into harmless products without any special treatment and without causing pollution. |
1.The woodwork is beautifully _____ smoothed and polished. 2. _____ in timber is caused by several species of fungi of the mold type. 3. Timber is _____ , it doesn’t damage the environment. 4. Various types of fiberboards and particle boards, composite materials and _____ wood products are manufactured and widely used. 5. Many building materials emit different _____ organic compounds that cause allergy. 6. Lumber production gives large amounts of _____ and wastes used for the production of pulp and paper and different kinds of boards. 7. In joinery and furniture industries problems to the environment are caused by different ______ materials.
Exercise 5.
Choose the right Participle.
1. When (used, using) as fuel wood loses 90% of its value. 2. (Growing, grown) trees contain a large amount of water. 3. High temperatures destroy fungi (existing, existed) in the wood. 4. The removal of moisture from wood when (drying, dried) involves considerable difficulties. 5. (Being, been) available in large quantities this fibrous material was used in the manufacture of pulp. 6. The density of wood (using, used) affects the strength properties of the paper (producing, produced). 7. Wood is dried to the (requiring, required) moisture content in specially constructed kilns. 8. The researchers obtained good results while (studying, studied) the properties of wood. 9. There are hundreds of species of trees (possessing, possessed) different properties. 10. The damage (causing, caused) by insects and fungi can be very great.
Exercise 6.
Choose the right form of the predicate.
1. Some years ago only spruce (is used, was used, have been used) for the pro-
duction of pulp. 2. Recently engineers (have developed, developed, were de-
veloped) new methods of wood treatment. 3. Different species of trees (is grown, has been grown, grow) in our region. 4. Important processes (are taking, takes, has taken) place in the crowns of the trees. 5. Experience of many decades (is shown, has shown, has been shown) the advantages and disadvantages of wood as compared with other materials. 6. Wood (is used, was being used, has used) still as fuel. 7. The new technology of producing lumber recently (was worked out, has worked out, has been worked out).
8. The Finnish plywood industry (uses, has been used, was used) small diameter logs as a prime raw material resource. 9. New methods of processing wood (are being investigated, were investigated, have investigated) now. 10. The boards (are inspected, have been inspected, had been inspected) before they were shipped.