3. 6.3. Sentence and Text Levels

These levels, depending upon the purpose of analysis and text type, could be regarded separately or simultaneously. Anyway, surface syntactic markers will form the focus of attention. While considering syntactic peculiarities of this text, where traditional punctuation marks are absent, it would be more reasonable not to separate sentence and text levels.

Firstly, it should be noted that rules of predication are violated only in two cases: they dying and I could leading. Secondly, it should be stated that the main syntactic peculiarity of the text is a result of a complete substitution of traditional punctuation marks by the exclamations "Yes", "O", "ah" and "Frsee" (in other parts of Marion’s soliloquy). Obviously, these exclamations serve as structure-forming elements of the text and provide the continuity of an associative chain. They are used to separate paragraphs, sentences and other syntactic units. Having employed such punctuation marks to indicate pauses in Marion’s stream-of consciousness, Joyce managed to demonstrate how this stream accelerates or slows down. With the help of them he also managed to show changes in Marion’s emotional state: the rate of recurrence of “Yes” or “O” grows with the increase of Marion’s agitation. It should also be noted that “Yes", "O", "ah" and "Frsee", functioning as the markers of pauses, preserve their semantic value. These exclamations even obtain polysemantic characteristics: depending upon Marion’s attitude to the recollected scene or to the present moment they express different emotions: raptures, delight, surprise or disgust and dissatisfaction. In this connection it is possible to assume that, unlike the body of the text of Marion’s soliloquy, "Yes", "O", "ah" and "Frsee" are uttered, thus serving simultaneously as connectors and disrupters.

QUESTIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS:

3.7. Preliminary Conclusion

The analysis of the informative function helped to single out not only facts and ideas, but also surface elements of implicit information as well as elements of excessive signification⁵.

4.The communicative function

The contents of the communicative function can be traced in the interrelation and interdependence between the author, his text (images and personages) and readers. It is common knowledge that the very existence of the text depends upon this interrelation (R.Jakobson, Yu.Lotman. D.Lodge). For the convenience of description let us present this interrelation in the model of a triangle and call it a communicative triangle:

4.1. Communicative triangle

Images, personages text author reader

This model allows defining

• Genre adherence of the text as well as its functional style, which depend upon the character of interrelation between the author, his text (images, personages) and readers.

• The level of the author’s revelation in the text (markers of the author’s presence).

• The intention of the author as well as his education level, social adherence, attitudes and preferences, including linguistic ones, etc.

When we speak that the very existence of the text depends upon its interrelations with the author and the reader, we should bear in the mind a very complicated character of such relations. In a number of works (for, instance “Интегративная поэтика» 1999) we pointed that such sort of communication is interlinked with the interrelation of a whole range of spheres, frames, concepts and archetypes.

QUESTIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS: