13.02.12.
Стилистика англ.яз.
Шустилова Ирина Изосиевна.
Книги для семинаров: Кухаренко - практика по стилистике англ.яза. ;
Гальтерин - Stylistics ;
Арнольд И.В. - Стилистика англ.языка.
Портфолио: Доклад в конце года.
The subject of stylistics.
Linguistic stylistic is a newly developed branch of science. It goes to ancient rhetoric and poetics.Much has been introduced by Lomonosov, Aristotel, Vinogradov, Peshcosvsky, Ahmanova, Bally etc. In a broad sense ,STYLE has several meanings. The first - Literately genre. Second - author’s individual style. Technique of expression. The first definition of style is a quality of language which communicates precisely some emotions and thoughts or a system of emotions and thoughts,peculiar to the author. Style is a contactually restricted variation. Chatman suggested that the style is an individual patten(модель).
The property of style mentioned in the definitions will summed up by the famous french scholar Charles Bally.
ex. Умирать - to go to one’s last home, to buy the dust, to kick the bucket , to die ( смысл такой, что слово 1, а значений много)
If we assume a style as a result at follows we must decide what linguistic and extra linguistic factors predetermine the choice and arrangement of means when we speak or write.
1)Aim of communication
2)The form of communication
3)The situation of condition in communication ( the states or the addresser.The relationship and etc)
4)The degree of expressions
Sub-styles
1)Brief new items
2)Headlines
3)The additorial article.
4)Analytical articles
5)Reviews
6)Advertisement and announcement
7)journalistic (magazines ,newspapers)
8)TV and radio presentations
Style of official documents.
The aim - to reach an agreement. Stylistics studies the peculiarity of writing language. The situations of communicative acts.
The degree of formality. Generally, the vocabulary and syntax are varied. It’s use to show respect. Casual style our normal relaxed style. Appropriate( типичный) to conversations with friends or colleagues. ex. 1)would you mind upstairs please?(best way, polite and correct) 2)visitors should go upstairs at ones (formal) 3)up you go chaps(intimate). 4)time you all go upstairs now (casual).
Expressive means and stylistic devices :Poetry, fiction, oratory, some genres of media.
ex. A beautiful swan spread her wings - it’s an article of the newspaper about ballet dancer. This is prolong (развернутый) metaphor. It’s a fresh association and appealing new feelings.
ex. Melony looked and was as simple as earth,as transperant as spring water. - Metaphor of comparison.
The study of stylistic means and devises are structure and stylistic devises.The study of english literary norm and deviations( отклонения) of norm.
ex. How much is it? = emmachigit? obreviation
Verities of language.
In comparison it is more relaxed. Interlocutor( собеседник) feel more free and independent.
Morphological picularities and forms contracted forms. The use of them instead of this or those. ex. Did you see them boys? (instead of those) Don’t instead of doesn’t.
Lexical pecularitiies of the spoken variety.
The use of words and phrases : ex. buy - get, purchase etc.
Interjection (междометия) oh, wow etc
Syntectical percularities.
Amnision.
ex. Been to school today? - especially in american english.
In negative and interrogative sentences. ex. Is she that clever?
У нее можно брать курсовые работы по стилистике.
20.02.12.
Basic notions of stylistics.
Language in action. Language as a system.
Stylistic closely relatives with speech and language(as a system). The idea of language was involved by Ferdenand de Sodeir. The subject matter of linguistic is language as a system. All rules and pattens of language which are collected generalized in books of phonetics, lexicology etc. Rules appear in action It’s called rules in English. It’s possible to say following Screbnev the language is a system of humanity. Speech a source. Speech is creative, fresh and unpredictable. A linguistic unit or item is an element of language as a system may assume a association of value when it appears in a context. Moreover it’s comment by linguistic rules in speech. EX. The headline of an article devoted to jubilee of queen’s mother. The smashingest birthday of a queen. IT contain logical incomparable notions (ex. hating love).
As specific sphere as a system are mentally associated with this sphere. EX. jobless (we use unemployment) EX.Fuel (nопливо - сущ, заправлять топливом - гл. но есть еще значение to make smt unpleasant pleased) Deviations (отклонения) of norm. To spot them implies ( подразумивает) different variations.It’s a knowledge abstract universal norm. There are different norms of styles of language. Galperin said the notion of a norm mainly refers to a literally standard as a received standard. Which apposed to low-colloquial usage. Skrebnev holds the vies that there are different view of various types of language. Westen linguist say that the norm is the same as nutrality. Moreover there is opinion. What is stylistically colored and conspicues is departure of a language. The answer is deviation of stylistic characters are not deviation of foregrounded( выдвигаемый на передний план) natural language usage.
The problem of stylistic difference of english vocabulary.
The matter is that it accompanied by literary layer. The spoken character is called the colloquial lair. It consist of the words which consist universal character. Special literally vocabulary can be sub-divided into 5 groups:
Terms.
archaic (архаичные) and historical words.
Poeticisms and highly literally words.
Barbarism (слова иностран. происхождения)
Literally coinage (литературный неологизм) nonce words.
The colloquial lair is in common colloquial lair(CCL) and special colloquial vocabulary (SCV)
It can be sub-divided into 6 groups:
1.slang
2.jargon
3.professionalism
4.vulgar words
5.dialoged words
6.colloquial coinagas (диалекты)
Neutral words form Standard english vocabulary.
Neutral words - the words of these have universal character. There are the main source of policyme and synonym. Not to change. They have no stylistic coloring. But in some cases context make acquire stylistic coloring.
Rather stable bookish character. In the speech of personages fiction they may serve to characterize the person through his or her speech.